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Utilization of waste pine needles for the production of cellulolytic enzymes in a solid state fermentation bioreactor and high calorific value fuel pellets from fermented residue: Towards a biorefinery approach

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  • Bhattacharya, Raikamal
  • Arora, Sidharth
  • Ghosh, Sanjoy

Abstract

The present study addresses valorisation of abundantly available, low-cost pine needle (PN) waste into cellulolytic enzymes and high calorific value (CV) fuel pellets (FP). Initial studies in flasks involving hot water steam pre-treatment (HWSP) using Aspergillus niger MTCC 9652 for 5 days resulted in an increase in Cellulase, Endoglucanase and Xylanase activities compared to the untreated pine needles (UPN). Fermentation experiments were scaled-up in a 6-L Solid State fermentation (SSF) packed bed reactor (PBR) at different bed heights (BH) using UPN. The maximum cellulase and xylanase yields were achieved as 9.97 ± 0.27 FPU g-ds−1 and 8276 ± 254 IU g-ds−1, respectively, at 72 h using UPN in the PBR. The fermented residue showed 53.5% consumption of holocellulose, a decrease in crystallinity index to 29.5% from 46%, with an increase in total lignin content of 45.9%. The fermented residue was processed for pellet production, resulting in a higher CV (19.13 ± 0.69 MJ kg-1) than the pellet made from unfermented PN (17.63 ± 0.66 MJ kg−1), along with enhanced compressive strength. Sulphur content (0.14%) was below the permissible limit of SOx emission for fuels with ash content less than 5%. Therefore, the present study represents a novel and sustainable biorefinery approach for PN valorisation.

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  • Bhattacharya, Raikamal & Arora, Sidharth & Ghosh, Sanjoy, 2022. "Utilization of waste pine needles for the production of cellulolytic enzymes in a solid state fermentation bioreactor and high calorific value fuel pellets from fermented residue: Towards a biorefiner," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1064-1076.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:195:y:2022:i:c:p:1064-1076
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.06.067
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    1. Pant, Manish & Pant, Tanuja, 2023. "Maximising biotransformation of pine needles to microbial lipids using Lipomyces starkeyi MTCC 1400T," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 574-581.

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