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Modeling and dynamic characteristic simulation of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for unmanned aerial vehicle

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  • Gong, Chengyuan
  • Xing, Lu
  • Liang, Cong
  • Tu, Zhengkai

Abstract

Air-cooled low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack applied with metallic bipolar plate is considered as a promising power source for an unmanned aerial vehicle. This paper presents a coupled electrochemical thermal model for simulating its dynamic characteristic. The impact of the applied metallic bipolar plate on the stack thermal balance is considered; an environmental model estimating atmospheric temperature and pressure variations with altitude is included. Our theoretical analysis shows that with altitude increased from 0m to 4000m, the output electric power declined rate is 4.7–6.5% at the current density of 400–800 mA cm−2. To avoid severe stack degradation due to high stack operating temperature, minimum air stoichiometric ratio is required for maintaining stack thermal balance. When the altitude increases from 0 to 4000m, the minimum required air stoichiometric ratio decreases from 110 to 22 at the current density of 800 mA cm−2.

Suggested Citation

  • Gong, Chengyuan & Xing, Lu & Liang, Cong & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Modeling and dynamic characteristic simulation of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for unmanned aerial vehicle," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1094-1104.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:188:y:2022:i:c:p:1094-1104
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Liu, Yang & Zhao, Junjie & Tu, Zhengkai, 2024. "Detecting performance degradation in a dead-ended hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell used for an unmanned underwater vehicle," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    6. Chang, Huawei & Cai, Fengyang & Yu, Xianxian & Duan, Chen & Chan, Siew Hwa & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Experimental study on the thermal management of an open-cathode air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultra-thin metal bipolar plates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    7. Yu, Xianxian & Liu, Yang & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa, 2023. "Endplate effect in an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: Phenomenon and resolution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    8. Meng, Huanru & Yu, Xianxian & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2024. "Modelling and operation characteristics of air-cooled PEMFC with metallic bipolar plate used in unmanned aerial vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    9. Zhao, Chen & Wang, Fei & Wu, Xiaoyu, 2024. "Analysis and review on air-cooled open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Bibliometric, environmental adaptation and prospect," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    10. Liu, Zhao & Chen, Huicui & Zhang, Tong, 2022. "Review on system mitigation strategies for start-stop degradation of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    11. Teresa Donateo, 2024. "Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-38, February.
    12. Zhao, Lei & Yuan, Hao & Xie, Jiaping & Jiang, Shangfeng & Wei, Xuezhe & Tang, Wei & Ming, Pingwen & Dai, Haifeng, 2023. "Inconsistency evaluation of vehicle-oriented fuel cell stacks based on electrochemical impedance under dynamic operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    13. Yu, Xianxian & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Development of a compact high-power density air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultrathin steel bipolar plates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    14. Fan, Ruijia & Chang, Guofeng & Xu, Yiming & Zhang, Yuanzhi, 2024. "Investigating the transient electrical behaviors in PEM fuel cells under various platinum distributions within cathode catalyst layers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    15. Yu, Xingzi & Zhang, Caizhi & Li, Mengxiao & Wang, Gucheng & Tu, Zhengkai & Yu, Tao & Dong, Hui & Zhao, Fuqiang, 2024. "Thermal management of an open-cathode PEMFC based on constraint generalized predictive control and optimized strategy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    16. Tiancai Ma & Jiajun Kang & Weikang Lin & Xinru Xu & Yanbo Yang, 2022. "Highly Integrated Online Multi-Channel Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement Device for Fuel Cell Stack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, May.

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