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Geotechnical fragility analysis of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines in extreme storms

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  • Charlton, T.S.
  • Rouainia, M.

Abstract

Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) must withstand harsh environmental loads over their 20- to 30-year design life. Fragility analysis investigates the probability of damage over a range of hazard intensities and is integral to a performance-based engineering approach. The focus of this paper is on monopiles, which are widely used to support OWTs in water depths up to around 40m. The paper presents a fragility analysis of monopiles in extreme storms in terms of geotechnical performance, measured by permanent rotation of the foundation. Geotechnical fragility has so far not been comprehensively addressed due to the challenge of predicting soil behaviour under cyclic loading and estimating the probability of extreme responses. On the latter, the paper develops efficient Karhunen-Loeve representations of wind and wave loading that can be combined with inexpensive probabilistic methods to compute fragility. The framework was demonstrated using a representative scenario of a 5 MW OWT installed in clay. Non-linear foundation response was captured by a dynamic 3D finite element model. Fragility curves were generated using subset simulation for storms with return periods (RPs) from 1 to 100 years. Fragility during extreme storms (with 50- and 100-year RPs) was significantly higher than storms with RPs of 10 years or less.

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  • Charlton, T.S. & Rouainia, M., 2022. "Geotechnical fragility analysis of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines in extreme storms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 1126-1140.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:182:y:2022:i:c:p:1126-1140
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.092
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wilkie, David & Galasso, Carmine, 2020. "A probabilistic framework for offshore wind turbine loss assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1772-1783.
    2. Wei, K. & Arwade, S.R. & Myers, A.T. & Hallowell, S. & Hajjar, J.F. & Hines, E.M. & Pang, W., 2016. "Toward performance-based evaluation for offshore wind turbine jacket support structures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 709-721.
    3. Zuo, Haoran & Bi, Kaiming & Hao, Hong & Xin, Yu & Li, Jun & Li, Chao, 2020. "Fragility analyses of offshore wind turbines subjected to aerodynamic and sea wave loadings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1269-1282.
    4. Hallowell, Spencer T. & Myers, Andrew T. & Arwade, Sanjay R. & Pang, Weichiang & Rawal, Prashant & Hines, Eric M. & Hajjar, Jerome F. & Qiao, Chi & Valamanesh, Vahid & Wei, Kai & Carswell, Wystan & Fo, 2018. "Hurricane risk assessment of offshore wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 234-249.
    5. Taflanidis, Alexandros A. & Loukogeorgaki, Eva & Angelides, Demos C., 2013. "Offshore wind turbine risk quantification/evaluation under extreme environmental conditions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 19-32.
    6. Carswell, W. & Arwade, S.R. & DeGroot, D.J. & Myers, A.T., 2016. "Natural frequency degradation and permanent accumulated rotation for offshore wind turbine monopiles in clay," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 319-330.
    7. Xiao, Shaohui & Lin, Kun & Liu, Hongjun & Zhou, Annan, 2021. "Performance analysis of monopile-supported wind turbines subjected to wind and operation loads," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 842-858.
    8. Lin, Kun & Xiao, Shaohui & Zhou, Annan & Liu, Hongjun, 2020. "Experimental study on long-term performance of monopile-supported wind turbines (MWTs) in sand by using wind tunnel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 1199-1214.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Dayong & Zhao, Jipeng & Wu, Yuqi & Zhang, Yukun & Liang, Hao, 2024. "An innovative bionic offshore wind foundation: Scaled suction caisson," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    2. Hailun Xie & Lars Johanning, 2023. "A Hierarchical Met-Ocean Data Selection Model for Fast O&M Simulation in Offshore Renewable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Corinna Köpke & Jennifer Mielniczek & Alexander Stolz, 2023. "Testing Resilience Aspects of Operation Options for Offshore Wind Farms beyond the End-of-Life," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-12, June.
    4. He, Kunpeng & Ye, Jianhong, 2023. "Dynamics of offshore wind turbine-seabed foundation under hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads: A coupled numerical way," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 453-469.

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