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Synthesis of ethyl levulinate over amino-sulfonated functional carbon materials

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  • Guo, Haixin
  • Hirosaki, Yuta
  • Qi, Xinhua
  • Lee Smith, Richard

Abstract

Functional carbon materials (FCM) containing amino and sulfonate groups (NS-FCM) were prepared with one-pot hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose using ammonium formate and 5-sulfosalicylic acid additives. The catalytic materials were applied to levulinic acid or furfuryl alcohol substrates in ethanol solvent for synthesizing ethyl levulinate (EL). Catalytic activity of NS-FCM was found to be related to its sulfonate groups, while substrate selectivity of NS-FCM was found to be related to its amino groups as supported by equilibrium adsorption and reaction experiments. Pre-adsorbed LA substrate onto NS-FCM followed by ethanol treatment at reaction conditions achieved EL yields higher than 90% that is attributed to a selective adsorption and cooperative desorption mechanism. The activity of NS-FCM catalyst was stable for five reuse cycles, but lost about 10% of its activity from the third cycle that is attributed to adsorption of humin precursors onto active sites.

Suggested Citation

  • Guo, Haixin & Hirosaki, Yuta & Qi, Xinhua & Lee Smith, Richard, 2020. "Synthesis of ethyl levulinate over amino-sulfonated functional carbon materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 951-958.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:157:y:2020:i:c:p:951-958
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Mengzhu & Wei, Junnan & Yan, Guihua & Liu, Huai & Tang, Xing & Sun, Yong & Zeng, Xianhai & Lei, Tingzhou & Lin, Lu, 2020. "Cascade conversion of furfural to fuel bioadditive ethyl levulinate over bifunctional zirconium-based catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 916-923.
    2. Xu, Guizhuan & Chang, Chun & Fang, Shuqi & Ma, Xiaojian, 2015. "Cellulose reactivity in ethanol at elevate temperature and the kinetics of one-pot preparation of ethyl levulinate from cellulose," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 583-589.
    3. Tiong, Yong Wei & Yap, Chiew Lin & Gan, Suyin & Yap, Winnie Soo Ping, 2020. "Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of oil palm mesocarp fiber cellulose conversion to levulinic acid and upgrading to ethyl levulinate via indium trichloride-ionic liquids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 932-943.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dowaki, Taishi & Guo, Haixin & Smith, Richard Lee, 2022. "Lignin-derived biochar solid acid catalyst for fructose conversion into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1534-1542.

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