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Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell

Author

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  • Mohd Faizal, Hasan
  • Shamsuddin, Hielfarith Suffri
  • M. Heiree, M. Harif
  • Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi, Mohd Fuad
  • Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin
  • Rahman, Md. Mizanur
  • Latiff, Z.A.

Abstract

Mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell (PKS) are widely used as fuels for boilers at palm oil mills to generate electricity. In the present study, the PKS and mesocarp fibre were densified under a controlled condition in prior to torrefaction process. Then, the briquettes were torrefied with various temperatures of 250–300 °C, residence time of 40 min and nitrogen flow rate of 1 l/min. In general, the torrefied mesocarp fibre briquettes were successfully produced regardless of torrefaction temperature, whereas the production of torrefied PKS briquettes was only feasible for torrefaction temperature of 250 °C, but the outer surface still remained brittle. The results show that an increase in torrefaction temperature causes a decrease in relaxed density and compressive strength of the torrefied mesocarp fibre briquettes. In terms of combustion properties, an increase in torrefaction temperature causes an increase in gross calorific value, fixed carbon content and ash content while volatile matter decreases. Besides, energy density of the torrefied mesocarp fibre briquettes does not change significantly with respect to the torrefaction temperature. Finally, the gross calorific value and moisture content were found to fulfill the requirements for commercialization as stated by international standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Faizal, Hasan & Shamsuddin, Hielfarith Suffri & M. Heiree, M. Harif & Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi, Mohd Fuad & Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin & Rahman, Md. Mizanur & Latiff, Z.A., 2018. "Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 419-428.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:419-428
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.118
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    5. Leonel J. R. Nunes, 2020. "Torrefied Biomass as an Alternative in Coal-Fueled Power Plants: A Case Study on Grindability of Agroforestry Waste Forms," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-20, July.
    6. Hasan, Mohd Faizal & Omar, Muhammad Syaraffi & Sukiran, Mohamad Azri & Nyakuma, Bemgba Bevan & Muhamad Said, Mohd Farid, 2022. "Torrefaction of fibrous empty fruit bunch under mild pressurization technique," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 349-358.
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    8. Sivabalan Kaniapan & Suhaimi Hassan & Hamdan Ya & Kartikeyan Patma Nesan & Mohammad Azeem, 2021. "The Utilisation of Palm Oil and Oil Palm Residues and the Related Challenges as a Sustainable Alternative in Biofuel, Bioenergy, and Transportation Sector: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, March.
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    10. Cheng, Wei & Shao, Jing'ai & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Jiang, Hao & Hu, Junhao & Zhang, Xiong & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2022. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on particulate matter emission from agricultural biomass pellet combustion in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 39-51.
    11. Mohd Fuad, Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi & Hasan, Mohd Faizal & Chong, William Woei Fong & Ani, Farid Nasir & Ngadiman, Nor Hasrul Akhmal, 2024. "A novel oxidative microwave torrefaction approach for producing empty fruit bunch-starch binder briquettes as a potential biomass-based energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    12. Hoon, Yee Theng Jessy & Chan, Yi Jing & Wan, Yoke Kin & Goh, Yong Kheng & Yazdi, Sara Kazemi, 2024. "Industrial-scale anaerobic Co-digestion (ACoD) of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and decanter cake (DC) for maximizing methane yield: An integrated machine learning and simulation-based economic analys," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
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