IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jcltec/v2y2020i3p23-391d411315.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products

Author

Listed:
  • Leonel J. R. Nunes

    (PROMETHEUS—Unidade de Investigação em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
    GOVCOPP—Unidade de Investigação em Governança, Competitividade e Políticas Públicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    DEGEIT—Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro

    (YGE—Yser Green Energy SA, Área de Acolhimento Empresarial de Úl/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal)

  • Letícia C. R. Sá

    (YGE—Yser Green Energy SA, Área de Acolhimento Empresarial de Úl/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal)

  • Hugo F. C. Silva

    (AFS—Advanced Fuel Solutions SA, Área de Acolhimento Empresarial de Úl/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal)

Abstract

Agroforestry waste stores a considerable amount of energy that can be used. Portugal has great potential to produce bioenergy. The waste generated during agricultural production and forestry operation processes can be used for energy generation, and it can be used either in the form in which it is collected, or it can be processed using thermochemical conversion technologies, such as torrefaction. This work aimed to characterize the properties of a set of residues from agroforestry activities, namely rice husk, almond husk, kiwi pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, and pine woodchips. To characterize the different materials, both as-collected and after being subjected to a torrefaction process at 300 °C, thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to determine the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and the content of volatile substances; elementary analyses were performed to determine the levels of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the high and low heating values were determined. With these assumptions, it was observed that each form of residual biomass had different characteristics, which are important to know when adapting to conversion technology, and they also had different degrees of efficiency, that is, the amount of energy generated and potentially used when analyzing all factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonel J. R. Nunes & Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro & Letícia C. R. Sá & Hugo F. C. Silva, 2020. "Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-15, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:2:y:2020:i:3:p:23-391:d:411315
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/23/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/23/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhao, Peitao & Shen, Yafei & Ge, Shifu & Chen, Zhenqian & Yoshikawa, Kunio, 2014. "Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 345-367.
    2. Deboni, Tamires Liza & Simioni, Flávio José & Brand, Martha Andreia & Lopes, Gisele Paim, 2019. "Evolution of the quality of forest biomass for energy generation in a cogeneration plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1291-1302.
    3. Batidzirai, B. & Mignot, A.P.R. & Schakel, W.B. & Junginger, H.M. & Faaij, A.P.C., 2013. "Biomass torrefaction technology: Techno-economic status and future prospects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 196-214.
    4. Kalembkiewicz, Jan & Chmielarz, Urszula, 2012. "Ashes from co-combustion of coal and biomass: New industrial wastes," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 109-121.
    5. Marco Manzone & Fabrizio Gioelli & Paolo Balsari, 2019. "Effects of Different Storage Techniques on Round-Baled Orchard-Pruning Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-10, March.
    6. Samadi, Seyed Hashem & Ghobadian, Barat & Nosrati, Mohsen, 2020. "Prediction and estimation of biomass energy from agricultural residues using air gasification technology in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1077-1091.
    7. Naik, Satyanarayan & Goud, Vaibhav V. & Rout, Prasant K. & Jacobson, Kathlene & Dalai, Ajay K., 2010. "Characterization of Canadian biomass for alternative renewable biofuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1624-1631.
    8. Rodolfo Picchio & Raffaello Spina & Alessandro Sirna & Angela Lo Monaco & Vincenzo Civitarese & Angelo Del Giudice & Alessandro Suardi & Luigi Pari, 2012. "Characterization of Woodchips for Energy from Forestry and Agroforestry Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(10), pages 1-14, September.
    9. Nunes, L.J.R. & Matias, J.C.O. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2015. "Analysis of the use of biomass as an energy alternative for the Portuguese textile dyeing industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 503-508.
    10. Jorge Miguel Carneiro Ribeiro & Radu Godina & João Carlos de Oliveira Matias & Leonel Jorge Ribeiro Nunes, 2018. "Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    11. Teresa Enes & José Aranha & Teresa Fonseca & Domingos Lopes & Ana Alves & José Lousada, 2019. "Thermal Properties of Residual Agroforestry Biomass of Northern Portugal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, April.
    12. Volpe, Roberto & Messineo, Antonio & Millan, Marcos & Volpe, Maurizio & Kandiyoti, Rafael, 2015. "Assessment of olive wastes as energy source: pyrolysis, torrefaction and the key role of H loss in thermal breakdown," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 119-127.
    13. Toklu, E., 2017. "Biomass energy potential and utilization in Turkey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 235-244.
    14. Yarima Torreiro & Leticia Pérez & Gonzalo Piñeiro & Francisco Pedras & Angela Rodríguez-Abalde, 2020. "The Role of Energy Valuation of Agroforestry Biomass on the Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, May.
    15. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2009. "Political, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 108-117, November.
    16. Mohd Faizal, Hasan & Shamsuddin, Hielfarith Suffri & M. Heiree, M. Harif & Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi, Mohd Fuad & Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin & Rahman, Md. Mizanur & Latiff, Z.A., 2018. "Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 419-428.
    17. Bo Liu & Deepak Rajagopal, 2019. "Life-cycle energy and climate benefits of energy recovery from wastes and biomass residues in the United States," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(8), pages 700-708, August.
    18. Helder Filipe dos Santos Viana & Abel Martins Rodrigues & Radu Godina & João Carlos de Oliveira Matias & Leonel Jorge Ribeiro Nunes, 2018. "Evaluation of the Physical, Chemical and Thermal Properties of Portuguese Maritime Pine Biomass," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Leonel J. R. Nunes, 2020. "Torrefied Biomass as an Alternative in Coal-Fueled Power Plants: A Case Study on Grindability of Agroforestry Waste Forms," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Leonel Jorge Ribeiro Nunes & Radu Godina & João Carlos de Oliveira Matias, 2019. "Technological Innovation in Biomass Energy for the Sustainable Growth of Textile Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-12, January.
    3. Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Cheng, Yoke Wang & Liew, Rock Keey & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Peng, Wanxi & Park, Young-Kwon & Sonne, Christian & Kong, Sieng Huat & Tabatabaei, 2021. "Progress in the torrefaction technology for upgrading oil palm wastes to energy-dense biochar: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Leonel J. R. Nunes & João C. O. Matias, 2020. "Biomass Torrefaction as a Key Driver for the Sustainable Development and Decarbonization of Energy Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-9, January.
    5. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    6. Leonel J. R. Nunes & Abel M. Rodrigues & João C. O. Matias & Ana I. Ferraz & Ana C. Rodrigues, 2021. "Production of Biochar from Vine Pruning: Waste Recovery in the Wine Industry," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, May.
    7. Christoforou, Elias A. & Fokaides, Paris A., 2016. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of olive husk torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 257-266.
    8. Zailan, Roziah & Lim, Jeng Shiun & Manan, Zainuddin Abdul & Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah Wan & Mohammadi-ivatloo, Behnam & Jamaluddin, Khairulnadzmi, 2021. "Malaysia scenario of biomass supply chain-cogeneration system and optimization modeling development: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    9. Hao Luo & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Amit Arora & Krzysztof Mościcki & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Krystian Krochmalny & Marcin Baranowski & Mayank Tiwari & Anshul Sharma & Tanuj Sharma & Zhimin Lu, 2020. "Influence of Torrefaction and Pelletizing of Sawdust on the Design Parameters of a Fixed Bed Gasifier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
    10. Guizani, Chamseddine & Haddad, Khouloud & Jeguirim, Mejdi & Colin, Baptiste & Limousy, Lionel, 2016. "Combustion characteristics and kinetics of torrefied olive pomace," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 453-463.
    11. Niu, Yanqing & Lv, Yuan & Lei, Yu & Liu, Siqi & Liang, Yang & Wang, Denghui & Hui, Shi'en, 2019. "Biomass torrefaction: properties, applications, challenges, and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Barskov, Stan & Zappi, Mark & Buchireddy, Prashanth & Dufreche, Stephen & Guillory, John & Gang, Daniel & Hernandez, Rafael & Bajpai, Rakesh & Baudier, Jeff & Cooper, Robbyn & Sharp, Richard, 2019. "Torrefaction of biomass: A review of production methods for biocoal from cultured and waste lignocellulosic feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 624-642.
    13. Beatriz M. Paredes-Sánchez & José P. Paredes-Sánchez & Paulino J. García-Nieto, 2020. "Energy Multiphase Model for Biocoal Conversion Systems by Means of a Nodal Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, May.
    14. Wilk, Małgorzata & Magdziarz, Aneta & Kalemba, Izabela, 2015. "Characterisation of renewable fuels' torrefaction process with different instrumental techniques," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 259-269.
    15. Maja Ivanovski & Aleksandra Petrovič & Darko Goričanec & Danijela Urbancl & Marjana Simonič, 2023. "Exploring the Properties of the Torrefaction Process and Its Prospective in Treating Lignocellulosic Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    16. Liu, Tianyu & Wen, Chang & Li, Changkang & Yan, Kai & Li, Rui & Jing, Zhenqi & Zhang, Bohan & Ma, Jingjing, 2022. "Integrated water washing and carbonization pretreatment of typical herbaceous and woody biomass: Fuel properties, combustion behaviors, and techno-economic assessments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 218-233.
    17. Jiří Bojanovský & Vítězslav Máša & Igor Hudák & Pavel Skryja & Josef Hopjan, 2022. "Rotary Kiln, a Unit on the Border of the Process and Energy Industry—Current State and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-34, October.
    18. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Paweł Dudziec & Ewelina Olba-Zięty & Paweł Stachowicz & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2022. "Forest Dendromass as Energy Feedstock: Diversity of Properties and Composition Depending on Systematic Genus and Organ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-60, February.
    19. Samadi, Seyed Hashem & Ghobadian, Barat & Nosrati, Mohsen, 2020. "Prediction and estimation of biomass energy from agricultural residues using air gasification technology in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1077-1091.
    20. Bernardine Chigozie Chidozie & Ana Luísa Ramos & José Vasconcelos Ferreira & Luís Pinto Ferreira, 2023. "Residual Agroforestry Biomass Supply Chain Simulation Insights and Directions: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:2:y:2020:i:3:p:23-391:d:411315. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.