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Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries

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  • Pauliuk, Stefan
  • Wang, Tao
  • Müller, Daniel B.

Abstract

Industrialization and urbanization in the developing world have boosted steel demand during the recent two decades. Reliable estimates on how much steel is required for high economic development are necessary to better understand the future challenges for employment, resource management, capacity planning, and climate change mitigation within the steel sector. During their use phase, steel-containing products provide service to people, and the size of the in-use stock of steel can serve as an indicator of the total service level. We apply dynamic material flow analysis to estimate in-use stocks of steel in about 200 countries and identify patterns of how stocks evolve over time. Three different models of the steel cycle are applied and a full uncertainty analysis is conducted to obtain reliable stock estimates for the period 1700–2008.

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  • Pauliuk, Stefan & Wang, Tao & Müller, Daniel B., 2013. "Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 22-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:71:y:2013:i:c:p:22-30
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.11.008
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    Cited by:

    1. Vivien Fisch-Romito, 2021. "Embodied carbon dioxide emissions to provide high access levels to basic infrastructure around the world," Post-Print hal-03353919, HAL.
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    9. Kermeli, Katerina & Edelenbosch, Oreane Y. & Crijns-Graus, Wina & van Ruijven, Bas J. & van Vuuren, Detlef P. & Worrell, Ernst, 2022. "Improving material projections in Integrated Assessment Models: The use of a stock-based versus a flow-based approach for the iron and steel industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
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    14. Yang, Xue & Zhang, Chao & Li, Xinyi & Cao, Zhi & Wang, Peng & Wang, Heming & Liu, Gang & Xia, Ziqian & Zhu, Dajian & Chen, Wei-Qiang, 2024. "Multinational dynamic steel cycle analysis reveals sequential decoupling between material use and economic growth," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
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    18. Serrenho, André Cabrera & Mourão, Zenaida Sobral & Norman, Jonathan & Cullen, Jonathan M. & Allwood, Julian M., 2016. "The influence of UK emissions reduction targets on the emissions of the global steel industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 174-184.
    19. Gauffin, Alicia & Andersson, Nils Å.I. & Storm, Per & Tilliander, Anders & Jönsson, Pär G., 2017. "Time-varying losses in material flows of steel using dynamic material flow models," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 70-83.
    20. Wang, Peng & Zhao, Shen & Dai, Tao & Peng, Kun & Zhang, Qi & Li, Jiashuo & Chen, Wei-Qiang, 2022. "Regional disparities in steel production and restrictions to progress on global decarbonization: A cross-national analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    21. Kaixin Huang & Matthew J. Eckelman, 2022. "Appending material flows to the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for projecting the physical economy of the United States," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(1), pages 294-308, February.
    22. Lin, Chen & Liu, Gang & Müller, Daniel B., 2017. "Characterizing the role of built environment stocks in human development and emission growth," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 67-72.
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