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Paper and biomass for energy?

Author

Listed:
  • Laurijssen, Jobien
  • Marsidi, Marc
  • Westenbroek, Annita
  • Worrell, Ernst
  • Faaij, Andre

Abstract

The pulp and paper industry is placed in a unique position as biomass used as feedstock is now in increasingly high demand from the energy sector. Increased demand for biomass increases pressure on the availability of this resource, which might strengthen the need for recycling of paper. In this study, we calculate the energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for paper production from three pulp types. Increased recycling enables an increase in biomass availability and reduces life-cycle energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. Recovered paper as feedstock leads to lowest energy use (22GJ/t) and CO2 emissions (−1100kgCO2/t) when biomass not used for paper production is assumed to be converted into bio-energy. Large differences exist between paper grades in e.g. electricity and heat use during production, fibre furnish, filler content and recyclability. We found large variation in energy use over the life-cycle of different grades. However, in all paper grades, life-cycle energy use decreases with increased recycling rates and increased use of recovered fibres. The average life-cycle energy use of the paper mix produced in The Netherlands, where the recycling rate is approximately 75%, is about 14GJ/t. This equals CO2 savings of about 1tCO2/t paper if no recycled fibres would be used.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurijssen, Jobien & Marsidi, Marc & Westenbroek, Annita & Worrell, Ernst & Faaij, Andre, 2010. "Paper and biomass for energy?," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(12), pages 1208-1218.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:54:y:2010:i:12:p:1208-1218
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.03.016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Worrell, E. & van Heijningen, R.J.J. & de Castro, J.F.M. & Hazewinkel, J.H.O. & de Beer, J.G. & Faaij, A.P.C. & Vringer, K., 1994. "New gross energy-requirement figures for materials production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 627-640.
    2. Graus, W.H.J. & Voogt, M. & Worrell, E., 2007. "International comparison of energy efficiency of fossil power generation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3936-3951, July.
    3. Holmberg, Jonas M. & Gustavsson, Leif, 2007. "Biomass use in chemical and mechanical pulping with biomass-based energy supply," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 331-350.
    4. Mitchell, Donald, 2008. "A note on rising food prices," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4682, The World Bank.
    5. Joelsson, J.M. & Gustavsson, L., 2008. "CO2 emission and oil use reduction through black liquor gasification and energy efficiency in pulp and paper industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 747-763.
    6. Faaij, Andre P.C., 2006. "Bio-energy in Europe: changing technology choices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 322-342, February.
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