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Substance flow analysis of phosphorus and manganese correlated with South Korean steel industry

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  • Jeong, Yong-Soo
  • Matsubae-Yokoyama, Kazuyo
  • Kubo, Hironari
  • Pak, Jong-Jin
  • Nagasaka, Tetsuya

Abstract

Security of resources becomes more important than ever as the upward trend in the prices of mineral and natural resources continues. Phosphorus and manganese are important minerals to many countries. Phosphorus is in global demand, particularly for making fertilizers, and manganese is an indispensable element in industrial and consumer products. However, the raw materials for these two elements are restricted to certain geographical regions and countries. More importantly, they are not produced in South Korea, although domestic use of each is increasing. In this paper the authors examine domestic phosphorus and manganese flows in South Korea, focusing on the iron and steel industries and using statistical data for 2005. The total phosphorus and manganese usage in South Korea are evaluated to be 380kt-P/year and 303kt-Mn/year (manganese ore+manganese alloy). Further, the amounts of phosphorus and manganese lost to steelmaking slag are estimated to be 35.7kt-P/year and 162kt-Mn/year. These losses correspond to about 10% of the domestic phosphorus consumption and approximately 53% of the manganese added in steelmaking processes as an alloying element or deoxidation agent. The results from these substance flow analyses suggest that a significantly large ripple effect can be expected if recovery of phosphorus and manganese from slag becomes possible. The potential for converting steelmaking slags into new phosphorus and manganese resources is also discussed from the viewpoint of recovery technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeong, Yong-Soo & Matsubae-Yokoyama, Kazuyo & Kubo, Hironari & Pak, Jong-Jin & Nagasaka, Tetsuya, 2009. "Substance flow analysis of phosphorus and manganese correlated with South Korean steel industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 53(9), pages 479-489.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:53:y:2009:i:9:p:479-489
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Yi & Chen, Jining & Mol, Arthur P.J. & Ayres, Robert U., 2007. "Comparative analysis of phosphorus use within national and local economies in China," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 454-474.
    2. Das, B. & Prakash, S. & Reddy, P.S.R. & Misra, V.N., 2007. "An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel industries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 40-57.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luca Ciacci & Cristina T. de Matos & Barbara K. Reck & Dominic Wittmer & Elena Bernardi & Fabrice Mathieux & Fabrizio Passarini, 2022. "Material system analysis: Characterization of flows, stocks, and performance indicators of manganese, nickel, and natural graphite in the EU, 2012–2016," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(4), pages 1247-1260, August.
    2. Yuhua Guo & Junmao Qie & Chunxia Zhang & Yuantao Yang, 2021. "Material flow analysis of zinc during the manufacturing process in integrated steel mills in China," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(4), pages 1009-1020, August.
    3. Chowdhury, Rubel Biswas & Moore, Graham A. & Weatherley, Anthony J. & Arora, Meenakshi, 2014. "A review of recent substance flow analyses of phosphorus to identify priority management areas at different geographical scales," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 213-228.
    4. Wu, Huijun & Yuan, Zengwei & Zhang, Yongliang & Gao, Liangmin & Liu, Shaomin, 2014. "Life-cycle phosphorus use efficiency of the farming system in Anhui Province, Central China," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1-14.
    5. Matsubae, Kazuyo & Webeck, Elizabeth & Nansai, Keisuke & Nakajima, Kenichi & Tanaka, Mikiya & Nagasaka, Tetsuya, 2015. "Hidden phosphorus flows related with non-agriculture industrial activities: A focus on steelmaking and metal surface treatment," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PB), pages 360-367.
    6. Jedelhauser, Michael & Binder, Claudia R., 2015. "Losses and efficiencies of phosphorus on a national level – A comparison of European substance flow analyses," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PB), pages 294-310.

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