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The transition of education a cross-country macro analysis

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  • Paldam, Martin

Abstract

In cross-country data, income and key education variables are strongly correlated. This is mainly due to the long-run transition from traditional to modern society. The paper looks at a flow and a stock variable. The flow is the E-share of GDP for the annual public budget for education. When it is adjusted for the number of school-age children, it becomes the EC-share. The stock is School, which is the number of years the average person has been in school. Both variables are due to demand and supply. People and firms demand human capital needed by production. Governments supply education to increase production. The demand factor works better to explain the strong correlation. Countries with too much or too little education are identified by the deviations from the transition curves for education. Neither deviation has a clear impact on the growth rate. The explanation proposed uses the equilibrium properties of the transition path, where too much education is of no use, while too little is compensated by the private sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Paldam, Martin, 2024. "The transition of education a cross-country macro analysis," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:poleco:v:84:y:2024:i:c:s017626802300006x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paldam,Martin, 2021. "The Grand Pattern of Development and the Transition of Institutions," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781316515501, January.
    2. Ludger Woessmann, 2016. "The Importance of School Systems: Evidence from International Differences in Student Achievement," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(3), pages 3-32, Summer.
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    4. Gundlach, Erich & Paldam, Martin, 2020. "A hump-shaped transitional growth path as a general pattern in long-run development," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 44(3).
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    8. Paldam, Martin, 2003. "Economic freedom and the success of the Asian tigers: an essay on controversy," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 453-477, September.
    9. Barro, Robert J. & Lee, Jong-Wha, 2015. "Education Matters: Global Schooling Gains from the 19th to the 21st Century," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199379231.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Education; Human capital; Development;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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