Pedestrian dynamics of single-file experiments with music considering different music and different instructions

Pedestrian crowds are common in public facilities. It is essential to manage pedestrian flow for the safety of pedestrians. The rhythm is a potential method for improving pedestrian flow. Here we studied pedestrian dynamics with music by a series of single-file experiments considering different kinds of music (motivational music and nonmotivational music) and different instructions (listen to the music while walking, follow the beat of the music). To observe the effect of music on pedestrian movement, the condition without any rhythm and that with music were connected without breaking in a same run. Trajectories of the pedestrians were extracted and further analyzed. It is found that the effect of music on pedestrian flow can be observed directly. Both different kinds of music and different instructions can influence pedestrian motion. Pedestrians walk more quickly with the motivational music at all densities when instructed to listen to the music while walking. While they will walk more slowly at low density and more quickly at high density with the nonmotivational music. But when the participants are asked to follow the music, the velocity of pedestrians is only influenced by the music at high density. Comparing fundamental diagrams, we found that the music can improve pedestrian flow at most conditions. Our study will be helpful for understanding the effect of music on pedestrian dynamics.