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Comprehensive consideration of strategy updating promotes cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game

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  • Li, Ya
  • Lan, Xin
  • Deng, Xinyang
  • Sadiq, Rehan
  • Deng, Yong

Abstract

We investigate how the cooperation emerges in the square lattice when individuals play the prisoner’s dilemma game by adopting different strategy updating methods. First, we classify individuals in two classes at the strategy updating stage: stochastic players and smart players. The stochastic players are those who take the classical Fermi rule, while the smart players are those who make comprehensive evaluation for strategy updating. Second, we adopt Dempster–Shafer theory to combine smart players’ evaluations from payoff and environment aspects. Simulation results reveal that the comprehensive strategy updating method has a positive impact on the emergence of cooperation. Furthermore, the number of cooperators increases with the proportion of smart player increase. However, it is noteworthy that defector never become extinct, even all players in the network are smart ones. This is because some smart players would maximize their payoff if they choose to betray their cooperative neighbors. Our work in this paper may provide further understanding of the origin of cooperation in social and biology systems.

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  • Li, Ya & Lan, Xin & Deng, Xinyang & Sadiq, Rehan & Deng, Yong, 2014. "Comprehensive consideration of strategy updating promotes cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 403(C), pages 284-292.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:403:y:2014:i:c:p:284-292
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2014.02.051
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    Cited by:

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    2. Quan, Ji & Zhou, Yawen & Wang, Xianjia & Yang, Jian-Bo, 2020. "Information fusion based on reputation and payoff promotes cooperation in spatial public goods game," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    3. Quan, Ji & Zhou, Yawen & Wang, Xianjia & Yang, Jian-Bo, 2020. "Evidential reasoning based on imitation and aspiration information in strategy learning promotes cooperation in optional spatial public goods game," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    4. Deng, Xinyang & Zhang, Zhipeng & Deng, Yong & Liu, Qi & Chang, Shuhua, 2016. "Self-adaptive win-stay-lose-shift reference selection mechanism promotes cooperation on a square lattice," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 284(C), pages 322-331.
    5. Xin, C. & Yang, G. & Huang, J.P., 2017. "Ising game: Nonequilibrium steady states of resource-allocation systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 471(C), pages 666-673.
    6. Wu, Yu’e & Zhang, Zhipeng & Wang, Xinyu & Yan, Ming & Zhang, Qingfeng & Zhang, Shuhua, 2021. "Evolution of cooperation in the multigame on a two-layer square network," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 400(C).
    7. Li, Ya & Chen, Shanxiong & Niu, Ben, 2018. "Reward depending on public funds stimulates cooperation in spatial prisoner’s dilemma games," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 38-45.
    8. Pu, Jia & Jia, Tao & Li, Ya, 2019. "Effects of time cost on the evolution of cooperation in snowdrift game," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 146-151.
    9. Wu, Jie & Wang, Xiuling & Chen, Jinjin & Shu, Gang & Li, Ya, 2015. "The position of a door can significantly impact on pedestrians’ evacuation time in an emergency," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 258(C), pages 29-35.
    10. Amnon Rapoport & Darryl A Seale & Andrew M Colman, 2015. "Is Tit-for-Tat the Answer? On the Conclusions Drawn from Axelrod's Tournaments," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, July.

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