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How effective is equality regulation in reducing gender gaps in the labor market?☆

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  • Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S.
  • Atienza-Maeso, Andrés

Abstract

The gender gap in both employment and labour participation has narrowed markedly in recent decades in Spain. However, this decline seems to have slowed and shows a certain persistence. The solution to this problem can respond to different regulatory or non-regulatory policies. This article studies the evolution of the regulatory framework for the formulation of possible policy recommendations. We identify and quantify for the first time when, at what rate and in what regions, Spanish administrations have adopted regulations aimed at combating discrimination against women, achieving gender equality or approved measures related to the work-life balance. The study is based on a text analysis of 297,402 regulations adopted in the period 1996–2022. The indicators reveal the high degree of heterogeneity in terms of the legislation. Non-discrimination legislation was the most developed and frequent, with 11,228 regional regulations and 2590 central administration regulations adopted. We show that the volume of new regulations, mainly those related to discrimination and work-life balance, has contributed to the reduction in gender gaps. Policy actions by administrations should concentrate on these two modes of intervention. The general analysis of regulation in this area also allows for some recommendations in terms of “better regulation” policies, such as the introduction of gender equality assessments (specific regulatory impact reports).

Suggested Citation

  • Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S. & Atienza-Maeso, Andrés, 2024. "How effective is equality regulation in reducing gender gaps in the labor market?☆," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 823-846.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:46:y:2024:i:5:p:823-846
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.05.003
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regulation; Discrimination; Labour market; Work-life balance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
    • K00 - Law and Economics - - General - - - General (including Data Sources and Description)
    • K36 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Family and Personal Law
    • K38 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Human Rights Law; Gender Law; Animal Rights Law

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