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On depth measures and dual statistics. A methodology for dealing with general data

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  • Cuevas, Antonio
  • Fraiman, Ricardo

Abstract

A general depth measure, based on the use of one-dimensional linear continuous projections, is proposed. The applicability of this idea in different statistical setups (including inference in functional data analysis, image analysis and classification) is discussed. A special emphasis is made on the possible usefulness of this method in some statistical problems where the data are elements of a Banach space. The asymptotic properties of the empirical approximation of the proposed depth measure are investigated. In particular, its asymptotic distribution is obtained through U-statistics techniques. The practical aspects of these ideas are discussed through a small simulation study and a real-data example.

Suggested Citation

  • Cuevas, Antonio & Fraiman, Ricardo, 2009. "On depth measures and dual statistics. A methodology for dealing with general data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(4), pages 753-766, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:100:y:2009:i:4:p:753-766
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuesta-Albertos, J.A. & del Barrio, E. & Fraiman, R. & Matran, C., 2007. "The random projection method in goodness of fit for functional data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(10), pages 4814-4831, June.
    2. Antonio Cuevas & Manuel Febrero & Ricardo Fraiman, 2007. "Robust estimation and classification for functional data via projection-based depth notions," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 481-496, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gijbels, Irène & Nagy, Stanislav, 2015. "Consistency of non-integrated depths for functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 259-282.
    2. Nagy, Stanislav & Ferraty, Frédéric, 2019. "Data depth for measurable noisy random functions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 95-114.
    3. repec:cte:wsrepe:ws120906 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Olusola Samuel Makinde, 2019. "Classification rules based on distribution functions of functional depth," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 629-640, June.
    5. Ricardo Fraiman & Leonardo Moreno & Sebastian Vallejo, 2017. "Some hypothesis tests based on random projection," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 32(3), pages 1165-1189, September.
    6. Ramsay, Kelly & Durocher, Stephane & Leblanc, Alexandre, 2021. "Robustness and asymptotics of the projection median," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    7. W. Lok & Stephen Lee, 2011. "A new statistical depth function with applications to multimodal data," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 617-631.
    8. Dai, Wenlin & Genton, Marc G., 2019. "Directional outlyingness for multivariate functional data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 50-65.
    9. Aneiros, Germán & Cao, Ricardo & Fraiman, Ricardo & Genest, Christian & Vieu, Philippe, 2019. "Recent advances in functional data analysis and high-dimensional statistics," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 3-9.
    10. J. Cuesta-Albertos & M. Febrero-Bande, 2010. "A simple multiway ANOVA for functional data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 19(3), pages 537-557, November.
    11. Carlo Sguera & Pedro Galeano & Rosa Lillo, 2014. "Spatial depth-based classification for functional data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 23(4), pages 725-750, December.
    12. Yonggang Hu & Qiang Li & Yong Wang & Yi Wu, 2012. "Rayleigh projection depth," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 27(3), pages 523-530, September.
    13. Han Shang, 2014. "A survey of functional principal component analysis," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 98(2), pages 121-142, April.
    14. Nieto-Reyes, Alicia & Battey, Heather, 2021. "A topologically valid construction of depth for functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    15. Ramsay, Kelly & Durocher, Stéphane & Leblanc, Alexandre, 2019. "Integrated rank-weighted depth," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 51-69.
    16. Graciela Estévez-Pérez & Philippe Vieu, 2021. "A new way for ranking functional data with applications in diagnostic test," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 127-154, March.
    17. Fraiman, Ricardo & Svarc, Marcela, 2013. "Resistant estimates for high dimensional and functional data based on random projections," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 326-338.
    18. Fraiman, Ricardo & Gamboa, Fabrice & Moreno, Leonardo, 2019. "Connecting pairwise geodesic spheres by depth: DCOPS," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 81-94.
    19. Lucas Fernandez-Piana & Marcela Svarc, 2022. "An integrated local depth measure," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 106(2), pages 175-197, June.
    20. Fraiman, Ricardo & Moreno, Leonardo & Ransford, Thomas, 2023. "A Cramér–Wold theorem for elliptical distributions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    21. Llop, P. & Forzani, L. & Fraiman, R., 2011. "On local times, density estimation and supervised classification from functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(1), pages 73-86, January.
    22. Anirvan Chakraborty & Probal Chaudhuri, 2014. "On data depth in infinite dimensional spaces," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 66(2), pages 303-324, April.
    23. Marc Ditzhaus & Daniel Gaigall, 2022. "Testing marginal homogeneity in Hilbert spaces with applications to stock market returns," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 31(3), pages 749-770, September.
    24. Fraiman, Ricardo & Pateiro-López, Beatriz, 2012. "Quantiles for finite and infinite dimensional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-14.

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