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Collective efficacy: How is it conceptualized, how is it measured, and does it really matter for understanding perceived neighborhood crime and disorder?

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  • Hipp, John R.

Abstract

Building on the insights of the self-efficacy literature, this study highlights that collective efficacy is a collective perception that comes from a process. This study emphasizes that 1) there is updating, as there are feedback effects from success or failure by the group to the perception of collective efficacy, and 2) this updating raises the importance of accounting for members' degree of uncertainty regarding neighborhood collective efficacy. Using a sample of 113 block groups in three rural North Carolina counties, this study finds evidence of updating as neighborhoods perceiving more crime or disorder reported less collective efficacy at the next time point. Furthermore, collective efficacy was only associated with lower perceived disorder at the next time point when it occurred in highly cohesive neighborhoods. Finally, neighborhoods with more perceived disorder and uncertainty regarding collective efficacy at one time point had lower levels of collective efficacy at the next time point, illustrating the importance of uncertainty along with updating.

Suggested Citation

  • Hipp, John R., 2016. "Collective efficacy: How is it conceptualized, how is it measured, and does it really matter for understanding perceived neighborhood crime and disorder?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 32-44.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:46:y:2016:i:c:p:32-44
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Burchfield, Keri B., 2009. "Attachment as a source of informal social control in urban neighborhoods," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 45-54, January.
    2. Reisig, Michael D. & Cancino, Jeffrey Michael, 2004. "Incivilities in nonmetropolitan communities: The effects of structural constraints, social conditions, and crime," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 15-29.
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    3. Joseph Gibbons & Michael S Barton & Timothy T Reling, 2020. "Do gentrifying neighbourhoods have less community? Evidence from Philadelphia," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(6), pages 1143-1163, May.
    4. Maryann G. Delea & Gloria D. Sclar & Mulat Woreta & Regine Haardörfer & Corey L. Nagel & Bethany A. Caruso & Robert Dreibelbis & Abebe G. Gobezayehu & Thomas F. Clasen & Matthew C. Freeman, 2018. "Collective Efficacy: Development and Validation of a Measurement Scale for Use in Public Health and Development Programmes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-38, September.
    5. Ward, Jeffrey T. & Link, Nathan W. & Taylor, Ralph B., 2017. "New windows into a broken construct: A multilevel factor analysis and DIF assessment of perceived incivilities," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 74-88.
    6. Chong Xu & Zhenhao He & Guangwen Song & Debao Chen, 2024. "Unraveling the influence of income-based ambient population heterogeneity on theft spatial patterns: insights from mobile phone big data analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Pickett, Justin T. & Ryon, Stephanie Bontrager, 2017. "Procedurally just cooperation: Explaining support for due process reforms in policing," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 9-20.
    8. Kitty Lymperopoulou & Jon Bannister & Karolina Krzemieniewska-Nandwani, 2022. "Inequality in Exposure to Crime, Social Disorganization and Collective Efficacy: Evidence from Greater Manchester, United Kingdom," The British Journal of Criminology, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, vol. 62(4), pages 1019-1035.
    9. Pakmehr, Sedighe & Yazdanpanah, Masoud & Baradaran, Masoud, 2020. "How collective efficacy makes a difference in responses to water shortage due to climate change in southwest Iran," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    10. AL Kayid, Wejdan & Jin, Zhongqi & Priporas, Constantinos-Vasilios & Ramakrishnan, Sumeetra, 2022. "Defining family business efficacy: An exploratory study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 713-725.

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