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Cross-national invariance of the entrepreneurial orientation scale

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  • Hansen, John D.
  • Deitz, George D.
  • Tokman, Mert
  • Marino, Louis D.
  • Weaver, K. Mark

Abstract

This study utilizes data from 1279 SMEs spanning seven countries to assess the cross-national invariance of the Covin and Slevin entrepreneurial orientation scale. We first examine the psychometric properties of the scale across the full sample and each of the individual countries, identifying the optimal model for invariance testing. We then conduct a series of tests for invariance, utilizing the American sample as a reference in each. Study results highlight the optimality of a three-factor, six-item scale, and provide additional information regarding the level of measurement equivalence that exists between the U.S. and each of the other countries analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Hansen, John D. & Deitz, George D. & Tokman, Mert & Marino, Louis D. & Weaver, K. Mark, 2011. "Cross-national invariance of the entrepreneurial orientation scale," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 61-78, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbvent:v:26:y:2011:i:1:p:61-78
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    15. Anna Watson & Olufunmilola (Lola) Dada & Owen Wright & Rozenn Perrigot, 2019. "Entrepreneurial Orientation Rhetoric in Franchise Organizations: The Impact of National Culture," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(4), pages 751-772, July.
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    17. Liem Viet Ngo & George A Shinkle & Paul G Patterson, 2024. "A collision of strategic orientations: Entrepreneurial orientation and customer relationship orientation in a collectivist cultural context," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 49(2), pages 272-289, May.
    18. Mirzaei, Omid & Micheels, Eric T. & Boecker, Andreas, 2016. "Product and Marketing Innovation in Farm-Based Businesses: The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 19(2), pages 1-32, May.
    19. Gloss, Alexander & Pollack, Jeff M. & Ward, M.K., 2017. "A risky shift? An exploration of the measurement equivalence of entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial orientation across socioeconomic gradients," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 7(C), pages 32-37.
    20. Basco, Rodrigo & Calabrò, Andrea & Campopiano, Giovanna, 2019. "Transgenerational entrepreneurship around the world: Implications for family business research and practice," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 10(4).
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    22. Hernández-Perlines, Felipe & Covin, Jeffrey G. & Ribeiro-Soriano, Domingo E., 2021. "Entrepreneurial orientation, concern for socioemotional wealth preservation, and family firm performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 197-208.
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    24. Jeffrey E. Stambaugh & John Martinez & G. T. Lumpkin & Niyati Kataria, 0. "How well do EO measures and entrepreneurial behavior match?," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-21.

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