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From Rocking the Boat to Wagging the Dog: A Literature Review of Subsidiary Initiative Research and Integrative Framework

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  • Schmid, Stefan
  • Dzedek, Lars R.
  • Lehrer, Mark

Abstract

This literature review on the topic of subsidiary initiatives discloses a certain lack of conceptual clarity concerning the phenomenon. After providing an overview of the research field, the paper applies a conception of entrepreneurship inspired by Schumpeter (1912) as a basis for refining our understanding of just what a subsidiary initiative is and of the different kinds of subsidiary initiative. A framework is developed with a view to the current and anticipated growing importance of highly populated countries like China and India which are bound to raise the MNC-internal profile and weight of subsidiaries serving these national mega-markets. The framework distinguishes between organizational disequilibrium and market disequilibrium as a way to classify different types and different degrees of subsidiary initiative. It is argued that prior conceptions of subsidiary initiative in practice reveal a bias towards organizational disequilibrium and tend to overlook important MNC subsidiary initiatives involving market disequilibrium, generally neglecting the entrepreneurial dimension that Birkinshaw (1997) associated with the term when he initiated this research stream. Metaphorically speaking, although Birkinshaw was always clearly interested in MNC subsidiary initiatives that “wag the dog,” most follow-up research examines initiatives that merely “rock the boat.” Our framework helps capture the distinction and anticipates more dog-wagging by MNC subsidiaries in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Schmid, Stefan & Dzedek, Lars R. & Lehrer, Mark, 2014. "From Rocking the Boat to Wagging the Dog: A Literature Review of Subsidiary Initiative Research and Integrative Framework," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 201-218.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:intman:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:201-218
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2013.06.001
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    Cited by:

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    2. Sarabi, Almasa & Froese, Fabian J. & Chng, Daniel H.M. & Meyer, Klaus E., 2020. "Entrepreneurial leadership and MNE subsidiary performance: The moderating role of subsidiary context," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    3. De Beule, Filip & Elia, Stefano & Garcia-Bernardo, Javier & Heemskerk, Eelke M. & Jaklič, Andreja & Takes, Frank W. & Zdziarski, Michal, 2022. "Proximity at a distance: The relationship between foreign subsidiary co-location and MNC headquarters board interlock formation," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(4).
    4. Sidney Costa & Felipe Mendes Borini, 2017. "Global Innovation in Foreign Subsidiaries: The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corporate Networks," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 14(4), pages 417-434, July.
    5. Roger Schweizer & Katarina Lagerström & Johan Jakobsson, 2021. "Headquarters–subsidiary interaction during the introduction of a value product in India," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(5), pages 666-688, November.
    6. Ambos, Tina C. & Hughes, Mathew (Mat) & Niemand, Thomas & Kraus, Sascha, 2023. "Subsidiary managers' initiative pursuit: A behavioral agency model," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    7. Xufei Ma & Andrew Delios & Shu Yu, 2020. "Innovation in MNC’S strategy and structure: the (re) emergence of host country headquarters in large emerging markets," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 37(3), pages 609-632, September.
    8. Susan L Young & Christopher Welter & Michael Conger, 2018. "Stability vs. flexibility: The effect of regulatory institutions on opportunity type," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(4), pages 407-441, May.
    9. Clark, Kim & Ramachandran, Indu, 2019. "Subsidiary Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Opportunity: An Institutional Perspective," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 37-50.
    10. Tippmann, Esther & Sharkey Scott, Pamela & Reilly, Marty & O’Brien, Donal, 2018. "Subsidiary coopetition competence: Navigating subsidiary evolution in the multinational corporation," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 540-554.
    11. Klaus E. Meyer & Chengguang Li & Andreas P. J. Schotter, 2020. "Managing the MNE subsidiary: Advancing a multi-level and dynamic research agenda," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(4), pages 538-576, June.
    12. Klaus E. Meyer & Chengguang Li & Andreas P. J. Schotter, 0. "Managing the MNE subsidiary: Advancing a multi-level and dynamic research agenda," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 0, pages 1-39.
    13. Igor Gurkov, 2014. "Corporate Parenting Style In The Global Economy," HSE Working papers WP BRP 20/MAN/2014, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    14. Gorgijevski, Alexander N. & Andrews, Daniel S., 2022. "Getting the seal of approval: Pathways to subsidiary initiative acceptance," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(2).
    15. Natalie Djodat & Dodo Knyphausen-Aufseß, 2017. "Revisiting Ghoshal and Bartlett’s Theory of the Multinational Corporation as an Interorganizational Network," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 349-378, June.
    16. Yang, Xiaoming & Sun, Sunny Li & Jiang, Fuming, 2021. "How Do Emerging Multinational Enterprises Release Subsidiary Initiatives Located in Advanced Economies?," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    17. Kostova, Tatiana & Marano, Valentina & Tallman, Stephen, 2016. "Headquarters–subsidiary relationships in MNCs: Fifty years of evolving research," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 176-184.
    18. Conroy, Kieran M. & Collings, David G., 2016. "The legitimacy of subsidiary issue selling: Balancing positive & negative attention from corporate headquarters," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 612-627.
    19. Lim, Chaisung & Hemmert, Martin & Kim, Seunghoi, 2017. "MNE subsidiary evolution from sales to innovation: Looking inside the black box," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 145-155.
    20. Ahsan, Mujtaba & Fernhaber, Stephanie A., 2019. "Multinational Enterprises: Leveraging a Corporate International Entrepreneurship Lens for New Insights Into Subsidiary Initiatives," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 51-65.
    21. Wenqian Zhou & Vivek K. Velamuri & Tobias Dauth, 2017. "Changing Innovation Roles Of Foreign Subsidiaries From The Manufacturing Industry In China," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(01), pages 1-32, January.
    22. Jelena Cerar & Benoit Decreton & Phillip C. Nell, 2023. "What's in a Name? How Senior Managers use Name‐Based Heuristics to Allocate Financial Resources in Multinational Corporations," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(5), pages 1147-1177, July.
    23. De Beule, Filip & Van Beveren, Ilke, 2019. "Sources of open innovation in foreign subsidiaries: An enriched typology," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 135-147.
    24. Haq, Hammad ul & Drogendijk, Rian & Blankenburg Holm, Desirée, 2017. "Attention in words, not in deeds: Effects of attention dissonance on headquarters-subsidiary communication in multinational corporations," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 111-123.
    25. Chatzopoulou, Erifili-Christina & Dimitratos, Pavlos & Lioukas, Spyros, 2021. "Agency controls and subsidiary strategic initiatives: The mediating role of subsidiary autonomy," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(3).

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