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Experimental investigation of torrefaction of two agricultural wastes of different composition using RSM (response surface methodology)

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  • Nam, Hyungseok
  • Capareda, Sergio

Abstract

A torrefaction study using RS (rice straw) and CS (cotton stalk) was carried out to better understand the effects of the process conditions and the different compositions of biomass on the changes in the properties of the products based on the RSM (response surface methodology). The comparison of energy yield, energy densification, and main torrefaction parameters were evaluated through a complete analysis of products. The optimal conditions for the highest energy yield were obtained at the least severe conditions of 210 °C for 20min. The weight reduction of raw biomass after torrefaction was 13–48% for RS and 9–50% for CS, and the energy recovery for the solid product was over 77% for RS and 68% for CS. The highest heating value of the torrefied product was determined to be 28.6 MJ/kg. When it comes to energy densification, RS showed a higher degree of densification than CS. The maximum densified values were obtained as 1.48 for RS and 1.37 for CS, which can contribute to alleviating transportation and storage difficulties. Based on the statistical analysis, torrefaction for RS was mainly affected by temperature, while the main condition for CS torrefaction was the interaction of temperature and time.

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  • Nam, Hyungseok & Capareda, Sergio, 2015. "Experimental investigation of torrefaction of two agricultural wastes of different composition using RSM (response surface methodology)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 507-516.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:91:y:2015:i:c:p:507-516
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.08.064
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    2. Barskov, Stan & Zappi, Mark & Buchireddy, Prashanth & Dufreche, Stephen & Guillory, John & Gang, Daniel & Hernandez, Rafael & Bajpai, Rakesh & Baudier, Jeff & Cooper, Robbyn & Sharp, Richard, 2019. "Torrefaction of biomass: A review of production methods for biocoal from cultured and waste lignocellulosic feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 624-642.
    3. Lucio Zaccariello & Maria Laura Mastellone, 2023. "Fuel Gas Production from the Co-Gasification of Coal, Plastic Waste, and Wood in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Gasifying Agent and Bed Material," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
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    8. Nam, Hyungseok & Maglinao, Amado L. & Capareda, Sergio C. & Rodriguez-Alejandro, David Aaron, 2016. "Enriched-air fluidized bed gasification using bench and pilot scale reactors of dairy manure with sand bedding based on response surface methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 187-199.
    9. Xing Yang & Hailong Wang & Peter James Strong & Song Xu & Shujuan Liu & Kouping Lu & Kuichuan Sheng & Jia Guo & Lei Che & Lizhi He & Yong Sik Ok & Guodong Yuan & Ying Shen & Xin Chen, 2017. "Thermal Properties of Biochars Derived from Waste Biomass Generated by Agricultural and Forestry Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-12, April.
    10. Kim, Seok Jun & Park, Sunyong & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Ju, Young Min & Cho, La hoon & Kim, Dae Hyun, 2021. "Development of surface torrefaction process to utilize agro-byproducts as an energy source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    11. Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Yu, Kai Ling & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Pillejera, Ma Katreena & Bi, Xiaotao & Tran, Khanh-Quang & Pétrissans, Anelie & Pétrissans, Mathieu, 2021. "Variation of lignocellulosic biomass structure from torrefaction: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    12. Abdulyekeen, Kabir Abogunde & Umar, Ahmad Abulfathi & Patah, Muhamad Fazly Abdul & Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan, 2021. "Torrefaction of biomass: Production of enhanced solid biofuel from municipal solid waste and other types of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    13. Kartal, Furkan & Özveren, Uğur, 2022. "Prediction of torrefied biomass properties from raw biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 578-591.
    14. Singh, Rishikesh Kumar & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Sarkar, Arnab, 2020. "Optimizing the torrefaction of pigeon pea stalk (cajanus cajan) using response surface methodology (RSM) and characterization of solid, liquid and gaseous products," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 677-690.
    15. A. Silveira, Edgar & Santanna Chaves, Bruno & Macedo, Lucélia & Ghesti, Grace F. & Evaristo, Rafael B.W. & Cruz Lamas, Giulia & Luz, Sandra M. & Protásio, Thiago de Paula & Rousset, Patrick, 2023. "A hybrid optimization approach towards energy recovery from torrefied waste blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 151-165.
    16. Ahmad, Razi & Mohd Ishak, Mohd Azlan & Kasim, Nur Nasulhah & Ismail, Khudzir, 2019. "Properties and thermal analysis of upgraded palm kernel shell and Mukah Balingian coal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 538-547.
    17. Sukiran, Mohamad Azri & Wan Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri & Abnisa, Faisal & Nasrin, Abu Bakar & Abdul Aziz, Astimar & Loh, Soh Kheang, 2021. "A comprehensive study on torrefaction of empty fruit bunches: Characterization of solid, liquid and gas products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    18. Singh, Rishikesh Kumar & Sarkar, Arnab & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad, 2020. "Effect of torrefaction on the physicochemical properties of eucalyptus derived biofuels: estimation of kinetic parameters and optimizing torrefaction using response surface methodology (RSM)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    19. Nam, Hyungseok & Capareda, Sergio C. & Ashwath, Nanjappa & Kongkasawan, Jinjuta, 2015. "Experimental investigation of pyrolysis of rice straw using bench-scale auger, batch and fluidized bed reactors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2384-2394.
    20. Kongkasawan, Jinjuta & Nam, Hyungseok & Capareda, Sergio C., 2016. "Jatropha waste meal as an alternative energy source via pressurized pyrolysis: A study on temperature effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 631-642.
    21. Kutlu, O. & Kocar, G., 2020. "Improving stability of torrefied biomass at cooling stage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 814-823.

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