IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v82y2015icp996-1010.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of low carbon super credit policy efficiency in European Union greenhouse gas emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Álvarez, Roberto
  • Zubelzu, Sergio
  • Díaz, Guzmán
  • López, Alberto

Abstract

In this paper we address the current European Union's support policy for BEV (battery electric vehicles) manufacturing under the Super-credit modality, and its actual relationship with the reduction of carbon emissions derived from the use of battery electric vehicles (BEV). Particularly, we have estimated the BEV associated carbon emissions through the method provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this sense, we have employed a BEV model to investigate the BEV emissions by country in the EU according to the regional electricity mix. We additionally have accounted for the particularities of real-world driving, which further affects the results. We have employed a measure of driving aggressiveness by modifying the standard benchmarking driving cycle fostered by the European Union and of necessary application by vehicle manufacturers—the NEDC—to show that BEV emissions are not negligible when compared with internal combustion vehicles; mainly in urban environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Álvarez, Roberto & Zubelzu, Sergio & Díaz, Guzmán & López, Alberto, 2015. "Analysis of low carbon super credit policy efficiency in European Union greenhouse gas emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 996-1010.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:82:y:2015:i:c:p:996-1010
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.110
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544215001486
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.110?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Doucette, Reed T. & McCulloch, Malcolm D., 2011. "Modeling the CO2 emissions from battery electric vehicles given the power generation mixes of different countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 803-811, February.
    2. Wager, Guido & McHenry, Mark P. & Whale, Jonathan & Bräunl, Thomas, 2014. "Testing energy efficiency and driving range of electric vehicles in relation to gear selection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 303-312.
    3. Faria, Ricardo & Marques, Pedro & Moura, Pedro & Freire, Fausto & Delgado, Joaquim & de Almeida, Aníbal T., 2013. "Impact of the electricity mix and use profile in the life-cycle assessment of electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 271-287.
    4. Karabasoglu, Orkun & Michalek, Jeremy, 2013. "Influence of driving patterns on life cycle cost and emissions of hybrid and plug-in electric vehicle powertrains," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 445-461.
    5. Pina, André & Baptista, Patrícia & Silva, Carlos & Ferrão, Paulo, 2014. "Energy reduction potential from the shift to electric vehicles: The Flores island case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 37-47.
    6. Yang, Christopher, 2013. "Fuel electricity and plug-in electric vehicles in a low carbon fuel standard," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 51-62.
    7. Smith, William J., 2010. "Can EV (electric vehicles) address Ireland’s CO2 emissions from transport?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4514-4521.
    8. Pasaoglu, Guzay & Zubaryeva, Alyona & Fiorello, Davide & Thiel, Christian, 2014. "Analysis of European mobility surveys and their potential to support studies on the impact of electric vehicles on energy and infrastructure needs in Europe," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 41-50.
    9. Speirs, Jamie & Contestabile, Marcello & Houari, Yassine & Gross, Robert, 2014. "The future of lithium availability for electric vehicle batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 183-193.
    10. Alvarez, Robert & Schlienger, Peter & Weilenmann, Martin, 2010. "Effect of hybrid system battery performance on determining CO2 emissions of hybrid electric vehicles in real-world conditions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 6919-6925, November.
    11. Sorrentino, Marco & Rizzo, Gianfranco & Sorrentino, Luca, 2014. "A study aimed at assessing the potential impact of vehicle electrification on grid infrastructure and road-traffic green house emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 31-40.
    12. Lin, Jianyi & Liu, Yuan & Meng, Fanxin & Cui, Shenghui & Xu, Lilai, 2013. "Using hybrid method to evaluate carbon footprint of Xiamen City, China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 220-227.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jarosław Brodny & Magdalena Tutak, 2020. "Analyzing Similarities between the European Union Countries in Terms of the Structure and Volume of Energy Production from Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-37, February.
    2. Ren, Fei & Tian, Chenlu & Zhang, Guiqing & Li, Chengdong & Zhai, Yuan, 2022. "A hybrid method for power demand prediction of electric vehicles based on SARIMA and deep learning with integration of periodic features," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    3. Zubelzu, Sergio & Álvarez, Roberto, 2016. "A simplified method to assess the influence of the power generation mix in urban carbon emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 875-887.
    4. Junquera, Beatriz & Moreno, Blanca & Álvarez, Roberto, 2016. "Analyzing consumer attitudes towards electric vehicle purchasing intentions in Spain: Technological limitations and vehicle confidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 6-14.
    5. Yu, Haijun & Dai, Hongliang & Tian, Guangdong & Wu, Benben & Xie, Yinghao & Zhu, Ying & Zhang, Tongzhu & Fathollahi-Fard, Amir Mohammad & He, Qi & Tang, Hong, 2021. "Key technology and application analysis of quick coding for recovery of retired energy vehicle battery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Zhang, Pan & Wang, Huan, 2022. "Do provincial energy policies and energy intensity targets help reduce CO2 emissions? Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    7. Álvarez Fernández, Roberto & Corbera Caraballo, Sergio & Beltrán Cilleruelo, Fernando & Lozano, J. Antonio, 2018. "Fuel optimization strategy for hydrogen fuel cell range extender vehicles applying genetic algorithms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 655-668.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Poullikkas, Andreas, 2015. "Sustainable options for electric vehicle technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1277-1287.
    2. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    3. Zhou, Boya & Wu, Ye & Zhou, Bin & Wang, Renjie & Ke, Wenwei & Zhang, Shaojun & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Real-world performance of battery electric buses and their life-cycle benefits with respect to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 603-613.
    4. Wang, Yachao & Wen, Yi & Zhu, Qinggong & Luo, Jiaxin & Yang, Zhengjun & Su, Sheng & Wang, Xin & Hao, Lijun & Tan, Jianwei & Yin, Hang & Ge, Yunshan, 2022. "Real driving energy consumption and CO2 & pollutant emission characteristics of a parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle under different propulsion modes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    5. Yuan, Xinmei & Li, Lili & Gou, Huadong & Dong, Tingting, 2015. "Energy and environmental impact of battery electric vehicle range in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 75-84.
    6. Varga, Bogdan Ovidiu, 2013. "Electric vehicles, primary energy sources and CO2 emissions: Romanian case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 61-70.
    7. Boya Zhou & Shaojun Zhang & Ye Wu & Wenwei Ke & Xiaoyi He & Jiming Hao, 2018. "Energy-saving benefits from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: perspectives based on real-world measurements," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 735-756, June.
    8. Onat, Nuri Cihat & Kucukvar, Murat & Tatari, Omer, 2015. "Conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid or electric vehicles? State-based comparative carbon and energy footprint analysis in the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 36-49.
    9. Dai, Ziyi & Liu, Haobing & Rodgers, Michael O. & Guensler, Randall, 2022. "Electric vehicle market potential and associated energy and emissions reduction benefits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    10. Kalghatgi, Gautam, 2018. "Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 965-974.
    11. Abdul-Manan, Amir F.N., 2015. "Uncertainty and differences in GHG emissions between electric and conventional gasoline vehicles with implications for transport policy making," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1-7.
    12. Choi, Hyunhong & Shin, Jungwoo & Woo, JongRoul, 2018. "Effect of electricity generation mix on battery electric vehicle adoption and its environmental impact," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 13-24.
    13. Donateo, T. & Licci, F. & D’Elia, A. & Colangelo, G. & Laforgia, D. & Ciancarelli, F., 2015. "Evaluation of emissions of CO2 and air pollutants from electric vehicles in Italian cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 675-687.
    14. García-Villalobos, J. & Zamora, I. & San Martín, J.I. & Asensio, F.J. & Aperribay, V., 2014. "Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 717-731.
    15. Nuri Cihat Onat & Murat Kucukvar & Omer Tatari, 2014. "Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Passenger Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(12), pages 1-38, December.
    16. Sergio Maria Patella & Flavio Scrucca & Francesco Asdrubali & Stefano Carrese, 2019. "Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-14, August.
    17. Edwin R. Grijalva & José María López Martínez, 2019. "Analysis of the Reduction of CO 2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-31, February.
    18. Correa, G. & Muñoz, P.M. & Rodriguez, C.R., 2019. "A comparative energy and environmental analysis of a diesel, hybrid, hydrogen and electric urban bus," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    19. Heidrich, Oliver & Hill, Graeme A. & Neaimeh, Myriam & Huebner, Yvonne & Blythe, Philip T. & Dawson, Richard J., 2017. "How do cities support electric vehicles and what difference does it make?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 17-23.
    20. Hirte, Georg & Tscharaktschiew, Stefan, 2013. "The optimal subsidy on electric vehicles in German metropolitan areas: A spatial general equilibrium analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 515-528.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:82:y:2015:i:c:p:996-1010. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.