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Zn,Al-catalysts for heterogeneous biodiesel production: Basicity and process optimization

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  • Veiga, Paula Moraes
  • Luna, Aderval Severino
  • de Figueiredo Portilho, Marcio
  • de Oliveira Veloso, Cláudia
  • Henriques, Cristiane Assumpção

Abstract

Methyl esters produced by transesterification of vegetable oils are the main components of biodiesel, an alternative, biodegradable, non-toxic biofuel produced from renewable resources. The use of solid catalysts allows the development of environmentally friendly processes to produce biodiesel. In this work, Zn,Al-mixed oxides with different Al/(Al + Zn) molar ratios were studied as catalysts for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. TPD-CO2 (temperature programmed desorption of CO2) and model reactions such as retroaldolization of diacetone alcohol and 2-propanol transformation were employed to determine the basic properties of the catalysts. The catalytic activity was influenced by the chemical composition of the catalyst and showed a good correlation with basic site density determined by TPD-CO2. The RSM (response surface methodology) was used to select experimental conditions such as alcohol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading that maximize fatty acid methyl esters yield. The best experimental conditions indicated by RSM were reaction temperature of 182.5 °C, catalyst loading of 5.0 wt.%, and alcohol/oil molar ratio of 45, that provided a biodiesel yield of 86% without significant leaching of the catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Veiga, Paula Moraes & Luna, Aderval Severino & de Figueiredo Portilho, Marcio & de Oliveira Veloso, Cláudia & Henriques, Cristiane Assumpção, 2014. "Zn,Al-catalysts for heterogeneous biodiesel production: Basicity and process optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 453-462.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:75:y:2014:i:c:p:453-462
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gomes, João F.P. & Puna, Jaime F.B. & Gonçalves, Lissa M. & Bordado, João C.M., 2011. "Study on the use of MgAl hydrotalcites as solid heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6770-6778.
    2. Lee, H.V. & Taufiq-Yap, Y.H. & Hussein, M.Z. & Yunus, R., 2013. "Transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol over Mg–Zn mixed metal oxide catalysts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 12-18.
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    2. Ma, Yingqun & Wang, Qunhui & Sun, Xiaohong & Wu, Chuanfu & Gao, Zhen, 2017. "Kinetics studies of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using FeCl3-modified resin as heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 522-530.
    3. Shahinuzzaman, M. & Yaakob, Zahira & Ahmed, Yunus, 2017. "Non-sulphide zeolite catalyst for bio-jet-fuel conversion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1375-1384.
    4. Najafi, Gholamhassan & Ghobadian, Barat & Yusaf, Talal & Safieddin Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad & Mamat, Rizalman, 2015. "Optimization of performance and exhaust emission parameters of a SI (spark ignition) engine with gasoline–ethanol blended fuels using response surface methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1815-1829.

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