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Environment-Friendly Heterogeneous Alkaline-Based Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Author

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  • Hwei Voon Lee

    (Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • Joon Ching Juan

    (Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Monash University, Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Sunway Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin

    (Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Hwai Chyuan Ong

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Abstract

The critical problem arising from the depletion of fossil fuels has stimulated recent interests in alternative sources for petroleum-based fuel. An alternative fuel should be technically feasible, readily available, sustainable, and techno-economically competitive. Biodiesel is considered as a potential replacement of conventional diesel fuel, which is prepared from non-edible and high-acid feedstock via transesterification technology. The focus of this study is to investigate the catalytic activity of mixed metal oxides (MMOs) as catalysts for biodiesel production by using non-edible jatropha oil as feedstock. Various types of MMOs (CaO-MgO, CaO-ZnO, CaO-La 2 O 3 , and MgO-ZnO) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method. In this study, transesterification activities are closely related to the physicochemical properties of catalysts. The presence of different active metals in the binary system greatly influenced the surface area, basicity, and the stability of catalysts. The catalytic activity of MMO catalysts was increased in the order of CaO-ZnO (94% ± 1%) > CaO ~ CaO-MgO ~ CaO-La 2 O 3 (~90% ± 2%) > MgO-ZnO (83% ± 2%) > MgO (64% ± 1%) > ZnO (41% ± 2%) > La 2 O 3 (23% ± 1%). In addition, the MMO catalysts, especially CaO-ZnO, demonstrated high reusability and catalyst stability for four cycles of transesterification reaction of jatropha oil.

Suggested Citation

  • Hwei Voon Lee & Joon Ching Juan & Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin & Hwai Chyuan Ong, 2016. "Environment-Friendly Heterogeneous Alkaline-Based Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:8:p:611-:d:75253
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laureano Costarrosa & David Eduardo Leiva-Candia & Antonio José Cubero-Atienza & Juan José Ruiz & M. Pilar Dorado, 2018. "Optimization of the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Using Response Surface Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-9, January.
    2. Hoora Mazaheri & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Zeynab Amini & Haji Hassan Masjuki & M. Mofijur & Chia Hung Su & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & T.M. Yunus Khan, 2021. "An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Bhatia, Shashi Kant & Bhatia, Ravi Kant & Yang, Yung-Hun, 2017. "An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1078-1090.
    4. Ngee S. Chong & Ifeanyi Nwobodo & Madison Strait & Dakota Cook & Saidi Abdulramoni & Beng G. Ooi, 2023. "Preparation and Characterization of Shell-Based CaO Catalysts for Ultrasonication-Assisted Production of Biodiesel to Reduce Toxicants in Diesel Generator Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-20, July.

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