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Power generation efficiency analysis of offshore wind farms connected to a SLPC (single large power converter) operated with variable frequencies considering wake effects

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  • de Prada Gil, Mikel
  • Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol
  • Sumper, Andreas
  • Bergas-Jané, Joan

Abstract

This paper deals with the power generation efficiency analysis of a proposed offshore wind farm topology, consisting of a SLPC (single large power converter) that simultaneously controls a group of generators. This common converter can operate at a VF (variable frequency) or at a CF (constant frequency). The results are compared with the conventional onshore wind farm scheme, where individual power converters are connected to each turbine, guaranteeing maximum power generation for the entire wind farm. A methodology to analyze different wind speed and direction scenarios, and to compute the optimal electrical frequency for each one, is presented and applied to different case studies depending on the wind farm size. In order to obtain more realistic values of wind speeds, the wake effect amongst wind turbines is considered. A wake model considering single, partial and multiple wakes inside a wind farm and taking into account different wind directions, is presented. Both wind farm topologies are analyzed by means of simulations, taking into account both wind speed variability in wind farms and the number of wind turbines. The possible resulting benefits of simplifying the MPCs (multiple power converters) of each turbine, namely saving costs, reducing losses and maintenance and increasing the reliability of the system, are analyzed, focusing on the total power extraction. The SLPC-VF scheme is also compared with a CF scheme SLPC-CF, and it is shown that a significant power increase of more than 33% can be obtained with SLPC-VF.

Suggested Citation

  • de Prada Gil, Mikel & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas & Bergas-Jané, Joan, 2012. "Power generation efficiency analysis of offshore wind farms connected to a SLPC (single large power converter) operated with variable frequencies considering wake effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 455-468.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:37:y:2012:i:1:p:455-468
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.010
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    2. Bingzheng Dou & Zhanpei Yang & Michele Guala & Timing Qu & Liping Lei & Pan Zeng, 2020. "Comparison of Different Driving Modes for the Wind Turbine Wake in Wind Tunnels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Harvey, L.D. Danny, 2013. "The potential of wind energy to largely displace existing Canadian fossil fuel and nuclear electricity generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 93-102.
    4. Domínguez-García, José Luis & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Bianchi, Fernando D. & Sumper, Andreas, 2012. "Power oscillation damping supported by wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4994-5006.
    5. Li, Qing'an & Murata, Junsuke & Endo, Masayuki & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari, 2016. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of turbulent inflow on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (part II: Wake characteristics)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1304-1315.
    6. de Prada Gil, Mikel & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas, 2014. "Technical and economic assessment of offshore wind power plants based on variable frequency operation of clusters with a single power converter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 218-229.
    7. Díaz-González, Francisco & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Bianchi, Fernando D., 2013. "Energy management of flywheel-based energy storage device for wind power smoothing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 207-219.
    8. Seixas, M. & Melício, R. & Mendes, V.M.F., 2014. "Offshore wind turbine simulation: Multibody drive train. Back-to-back NPC (neutral point clamped) converters. Fractional-order control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 357-369.
    9. Dou, Bingzheng & Guala, Michele & Lei, Liping & Zeng, Pan, 2019. "Experimental investigation of the performance and wake effect of a small-scale wind turbine in a wind tunnel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 819-833.
    10. Duquette, Jean & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew, 2014. "The potential benefits of widespread combined heat and power based district energy networks in the province of Ontario," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 41-51.
    11. Chatterjee, Arunava & Roy, Krishna & Chatterjee, Debashis, 2014. "A Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) based Photo-Voltaic (PV) excitation control strategy for single phase operation of three phase wind-turbine coupled induction generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 707-718.
    12. Gupta, Akhilesh Prakash & Mohapatra, A. & Singh, S.N., 2021. "Measurement based parameters estimation of large scale wind farm dynamic equivalent model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1388-1398.
    13. Li, Qing'an & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari & Mori, Naoya, 2017. "Investigation of wake characteristics of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in vertical axis direction with field experiments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 262-272.
    14. Li, Qing’an & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari & Mori, Naoya, 2017. "Investigation of wake effects on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in field experiments (Part I: Horizontal axis direction)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 482-492.
    15. Madariaga, A. & Martín, J.L. & Zamora, I. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Ceballos, S., 2013. "Technological trends in electric topologies for offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-44.
    16. De-Prada-Gil, Mikel & Díaz-González, Francisco & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas, 2015. "DFIG-based offshore wind power plant connected to a single VSC-HVDC operated at variable frequency: Energy yield assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 311-322.

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