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Lowering the pressure in district heating and cooling networks by alternating the connection of the expansion vessel

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  • Sommer, Tobias
  • Mennel, Stefan
  • Sulzer, Matthias

Abstract

Low-temperature district heating and cooling networks, operated at water temperatures below 20 °C, substitute fossil-based heating systems with environmental heat or waste heat from industrial processes and additionally provide a source of direct cooling during the warmer months. These networks have the potential to reduce carbon emissions and are a key future technology in the strategy to combat climate change. However, large initial investments limit the diffusion of such networks. A large fraction of those investments, apart from trenching, goes to piping. Piping costs are highly dependent on pipe diameter, material and pressure rating. In this work, we focus on reducing costs by reducing the pressure in the system; thus allowing a reduced pressure rating. To reduce the maximum pressure in a hydraulic system, we present a novel technique based on alternating the connection of the expansion vessel. We explain our concept in a lab experiment and subsequently apply our method to the large-scale network at ETH Zurich, Switzerland. At ETH Zurich, we predict a pressure reduction of 8% from 6 to 5.5 bar. Lowering the pressure increases the economic viability and may thus promote the market dissemination of low-temperature district heating and cooling networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Sommer, Tobias & Mennel, Stefan & Sulzer, Matthias, 2019. "Lowering the pressure in district heating and cooling networks by alternating the connection of the expansion vessel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 991-996.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:172:y:2019:i:c:p:991-996
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    2. Menegon, Diego & Soppelsa, Anton & Fedrizzi, Roberto, 2017. "Development of a new dynamic test procedure for the laboratory characterization of a whole heating and cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 976-990.
    3. Yan, Aibin & Zhao, Jun & An, Qingsong & Zhao, Yulong & Li, Hailong & Huang, Yrjö Jun, 2013. "Hydraulic performance of a new district heating systems with distributed variable speed pumps," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 876-885.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wirtz, Marco & Neumaier, Lisa & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Temperature control in 5th generation district heating and cooling networks: An MILP-based operation optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    2. Nielsen, Tore Bach & Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Duic, Neven & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on energy efficiency and smart energy systems from the 5th SESAAU2019 conference," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    3. Angelidis, O. & Ioannou, A. & Friedrich, D. & Thomson, A. & Falcone, G., 2023. "District heating and cooling networks with decentralised energy substations: Opportunities and barriers for holistic energy system decarbonisation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    4. Sommer, Tobias & Sulzer, Matthias & Wetter, Michael & Sotnikov, Artem & Mennel, Stefan & Stettler, Christoph, 2020. "The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).

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