IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v292y2024ics0360544224001592.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A hybrid prediction model of improved bidirectional long short-term memory network for cooling load based on PCANet and attention mechanism

Author

Listed:
  • Yan, Xiuying
  • Ji, Xingxing
  • Meng, Qinglong
  • Sun, Hang
  • Lei, Yu

Abstract

Accurate and reliable cooling load forecasting is a prerequisite for air-conditioning system control and the basis for building-side energy management. Therefore, a hybrid prediction model of an improved bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network based on principal component analysis network (PCANet) and attention mechanism (CNN-IBiLSTM-Attention) is proposed to predict the cooling load of large commercial buildings. First of all, the PCANet algorithm is used to analyze the sensitivity of the influencing factors. Then, the hybrid strategy improved whale optimization algorithm (HSIWOA) is used to optimize the hyperparameter of BiLSTM. At last, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by using the actual data of two commercial buildings in Xi'an. The results show that using the PCANet algorithm for sensitivity analysis avoids feature redundancy. HSIWOA is suitable for hyperparameter optimization of BiLSTM. Compared with the other three prediction models, CNN-IBiLSTM-Attention reduced the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of Building 1 and 2 test sets by 31.55 %, 55.59 %, and 60.58 % and 56.49 %, 60.3 %, and 67.37 %, respectively. The proposed prediction model has superior hyperparameter optimization ability, better model complexity, and stronger generalization ability. Therefore, the proposed prediction model becomes a reliable tool for predicting the cooling load of large commercial buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan, Xiuying & Ji, Xingxing & Meng, Qinglong & Sun, Hang & Lei, Yu, 2024. "A hybrid prediction model of improved bidirectional long short-term memory network for cooling load based on PCANet and attention mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:292:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224001592
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.130388
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224001592
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.130388?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Yi-Ming & Wang, Hao, 2023. "Multi-head attention-based probabilistic CNN-BiLSTM for day-ahead wind speed forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    2. Li, Ao & Xiao, Fu & Zhang, Chong & Fan, Cheng, 2021. "Attention-based interpretable neural network for building cooling load prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    3. Wan, Anping & Chang, Qing & AL-Bukhaiti, Khalil & He, Jiabo, 2023. "Short-term power load forecasting for combined heat and power using CNN-LSTM enhanced by attention mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Sekhar, Charan & Dahiya, Ratna, 2023. "Robust framework based on hybrid deep learning approach for short term load forecasting of building electricity demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    5. Zhang, Xu & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zou, Wenke & Fu, Jianping & Ma, Xiaowen, 2022. "Similarity-based grouping method for evaluation and optimization of dataset structure in machine-learning based short-term building cooling load prediction without measurable occupancy information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    6. Gao, Zhikun & Yu, Junqi & Zhao, Anjun & Hu, Qun & Yang, Siyuan, 2022. "A hybrid method of cooling load forecasting for large commercial building based on extreme learning machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    7. Lu, Chujie & Li, Sihui & Reddy Penaka, Santhan & Olofsson, Thomas, 2023. "Automated machine learning-based framework of heating and cooling load prediction for quick residential building design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    8. Wang, Jianguo & Han, Lincheng & Zhang, Xiuyu & Wang, Yingzhou & Zhang, Shude, 2023. "Electrical load forecasting based on variable T-distribution and dual attention mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    9. Yildiz, B. & Bilbao, J.I. & Sproul, A.B., 2017. "A review and analysis of regression and machine learning models on commercial building electricity load forecasting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1104-1122.
    10. Xiong, Jinlin & Peng, Tian & Tao, Zihan & Zhang, Chu & Song, Shihao & Nazir, Muhammad Shahzad, 2023. "A dual-scale deep learning model based on ELM-BiLSTM and improved reptile search algorithm for wind power prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    11. Fan, Cheng & Xiao, Fu & Zhao, Yang, 2017. "A short-term building cooling load prediction method using deep learning algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 222-233.
    12. Zhou, Yuan & Wang, Jiangjiang & Liu, Yi & Yan, Rujing & Ma, Yanpeng, 2021. "Incorporating deep learning of load predictions to enhance the optimal active energy management of combined cooling, heating and power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    13. Amasyali, Kadir & El-Gohary, Nora M., 2018. "A review of data-driven building energy consumption prediction studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1192-1205.
    14. Xiong, Xin & Hu, Xi & Guo, Huan, 2021. "A hybrid optimized grey seasonal variation index model improved by whale optimization algorithm for forecasting the residential electricity consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    15. Han, Ou & Li, Angui & Dong, Xinwei & Li, Jianwei, 2021. "Determination of HVAC meteorological parameters for floating nuclear power stations (FNPSs) in the area of China sea and its vicinity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    16. Xu, Yuanjin & Li, Fei & Asgari, Armin, 2022. "Prediction and optimization of heating and cooling loads in a residential building based on multi-layer perceptron neural network and different optimization algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gao, Zhikun & Yang, Siyuan & Yu, Junqi & Zhao, Anjun, 2024. "Hybrid forecasting model of building cooling load based on combined neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    2. Zhang, Xiaofeng & Kong, Xiaoying & Yan, Renshi & Liu, Yuting & Xia, Peng & Sun, Xiaoqin & Zeng, Rong & Li, Hongqiang, 2023. "Data-driven cooling, heating and electrical load prediction for building integrated with electric vehicles considering occupant travel behavior," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    3. Yu, Min & Niu, Dongxiao & Zhao, Jinqiu & Li, Mingyu & Sun, Lijie & Yu, Xiaoyu, 2023. "Building cooling load forecasting of IES considering spatiotemporal coupling based on hybrid deep learning model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    4. Gautham Krishnadas & Aristides Kiprakis, 2020. "A Machine Learning Pipeline for Demand Response Capacity Scheduling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-25, April.
    5. Venkatraj, V. & Dixit, M.K., 2022. "Challenges in implementing data-driven approaches for building life cycle energy assessment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    6. Zhang, Liang & Wen, Jin & Li, Yanfei & Chen, Jianli & Ye, Yunyang & Fu, Yangyang & Livingood, William, 2021. "A review of machine learning in building load prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    7. Dong, Juan & Xing, Liwen & Cui, Ningbo & Zhao, Lu & Guo, Li & Wang, Zhihui & Du, Taisheng & Tan, Mingdong & Gong, Daozhi, 2024. "Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration using improved convolutional bidirectional long short-term memory network by multi-head attention mechanism in the four climatic zones of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    8. Jason Runge & Radu Zmeureanu, 2019. "Forecasting Energy Use in Buildings Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-27, August.
    9. Xing, Zhuoqun & Pan, Yiqun & Yang, Yiting & Yuan, Xiaolei & Liang, Yumin & Huang, Zhizhong, 2024. "Transfer learning integrating similarity analysis for short-term and long-term building energy consumption prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    10. Nadia Jahanafroozi & Saman Shokrpour & Fatemeh Nejati & Omrane Benjeddou & Mohammad Worya Khordehbinan & Afshin Marani & Moncef L. Nehdi, 2022. "New Heuristic Methods for Sustainable Energy Performance Analysis of HVAC Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, November.
    11. Wang, Ran & Lu, Shilei & Feng, Wei, 2020. "A novel improved model for building energy consumption prediction based on model integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    12. Gomez, William & Wang, Fu-Kwun & Lo, Shih-Che, 2024. "A hybrid approach based machine learning models in electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    13. Anand Krishnan Prakash & Susu Xu & Ram Rajagopal & Hae Young Noh, 2018. "Robust Building Energy Load Forecasting Using Physically-Based Kernel Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, April.
    14. Amasyali, Kadir & El-Gohary, Nora M., 2021. "Real data-driven occupant-behavior optimization for reduced energy consumption and improved comfort," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    15. Chitalia, Gopal & Pipattanasomporn, Manisa & Garg, Vishal & Rahman, Saifur, 2020. "Robust short-term electrical load forecasting framework for commercial buildings using deep recurrent neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    16. Zou, Rongwei & Yang, Qiliang & Xing, Jianchun & Zhou, Qizhen & Xie, Liqiang & Chen, Wenjie, 2024. "Predicting the electric power consumption of office buildings based on dynamic and static hybrid data analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    17. Severinsen, A. & Myrland, Ø., 2022. "Statistical learning to estimate energy savings from retrofitting in the Norwegian food retail market," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    18. Wate, P. & Iglesias, M. & Coors, V. & Robinson, D., 2020. "Framework for emulation and uncertainty quantification of a stochastic building performance simulator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    19. Razak Olu-Ajayi & Hafiz Alaka & Hakeem Owolabi & Lukman Akanbi & Sikiru Ganiyu, 2023. "Data-Driven Tools for Building Energy Consumption Prediction: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, March.
    20. Xiao, Tong & Xu, Peng & He, Ruikai & Sha, Huajing, 2022. "Status quo and opportunities for building energy prediction in limited data Context—Overview from a competition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:292:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224001592. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.