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Optimal cool storage capacity for load management

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  • Ashok, S.
  • Banerjee, R.

Abstract

Cool storage is a load management strategy for air conditioning loads, which shifts peak load by storing cooling capacity during off peak period. It allows the customer’s electricity use for cooling to be shifted to off peak period, benefiting both the consumer and the utility. Reduction in peak demand and electricity cost depend on electricity tariff rates, operating strategy, cool storage capacity and climatic conditions. In this paper, a methodology is presented to determine the optimal chilled water storage (CWS) capacity and corresponding operating strategy for the air conditioning loads for different electricity tariffs. This model minimizes the total operating cost of the air conditioning plant by a trade-off between the cost involved for providing the storage and accessories and savings achieved under the specified electricity tariff. A case study for a typical office complex shows that a reduction of 38% in peak demand is possible by adopting the optimal CWS strategy under time of use (TOU) tariff. The corresponding saving in the operating cost for the consumer is 5.9%. The results show that under flat tariffs, the prevalent high consumer discount rates make cool storage unviable. This provides justification for utility intervention in cool storage demand side management (DSM) programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashok, S. & Banerjee, R., 2003. "Optimal cool storage capacity for load management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 115-126.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:28:y:2003:i:2:p:115-126
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00109-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Limmeechokchai, B. & Chungpaibulpatana, S., 2001. "Application of cool storage air-conditioning in the commercial sector: an integrated resource planning approach for power capacity expansion planning and emission reduction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 289-300, March.
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    4. Hasnain, Syed Mahmood & Alabbadi, Naif Mohammed, 2000. "Need for thermal-storage air-conditioning in Saudi Arabia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(1-4), pages 153-164, April.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Zou, Wenke & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu, 2023. "Globally optimal control of hybrid chilled water plants integrated with small-scale thermal energy storage for energy-efficient operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    4. Ono, Hitoi & Ohtani, Yuichi & Matsuo, Minoru & Yamaguchi, Toru & Yokoyama, Ryohei, 2021. "Optimal operation of heat source and air conditioning system with thermal storage tank using nonlinear programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    5. Boßmann, Tobias & Eser, Eike Johannes, 2016. "Model-based assessment of demand-response measures—A comprehensive literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1637-1656.
    6. Pu, Jing & Liu, Guilian & Feng, Xiao, 2012. "Cumulative exergy analysis of ice thermal storage air conditioning system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 564-569.
    7. Sadineni, Suresh B. & Atallah, Fady & Boehm, Robert F., 2012. "Impact of roof integrated PV orientation on the residential electricity peak demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 204-210.
    8. Lee, Wen-Shing & Chen, Yi -Ting & Wu, Ting-Hau, 2009. "Optimization for ice-storage air-conditioning system using particle swarm algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1589-1595, September.
    9. Chow, T. T. & Au, W. H. & Yau, Raymond & Cheng, Vincent & Chan, Apple & Fong, K. F., 2004. "Applying district-cooling technology in Hong Kong," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(3), pages 275-289, November.
    10. Sadineni, Suresh B. & Boehm, Robert F., 2012. "Measurements and simulations for peak electrical load reduction in cooling dominated climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 689-697.
    11. Numbi, B.P. & Zhang, J. & Xia, X., 2014. "Optimal energy management for a jaw crushing process in deep mines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 337-348.
    12. Cui, Borui & Wang, Shengwei & Sun, Yongjun, 2014. "Life-cycle cost benefit analysis and optimal design of small scale active storage system for building demand limiting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 787-800.
    13. Lund, Henrik, 2005. "Large-scale integration of wind power into different energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(13), pages 2402-2412.

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