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Energy flow and thermal voltage analysis of water-cooled PEMFC stack under normal operating conditions

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  • Chen, Fengxiang
  • Pei, Yaowang
  • Jiao, Jieran
  • Chi, Xuncheng
  • Hou, Zhongjun

Abstract

To improve the utilization of electric energy and heat energy of the fuel cell stack, it is necessary to explore the composition and availability of stack energy under different operating conditions. In this paper, a dynamic stack model that can quantitatively calculate the energy flow and thermal voltage is established, and the actual operation data of a 90 kW stack is used as model input and parameter identifications. Besides, the energy flow and thermal voltage of the stack are simulated and compared under different operating conditions, including different cathode inlet relative humidity, stack temperature, pressure, and oxygen excess ratio. According to the analysis results, for the 90 kW fuel cell stack, the gas emissions can take away about 30 kW of waste heat under the maximum power condition, which accounts for as considerably large as 28% of the heat generated by the stack. Moreover, it is indicated that the self-humidifying stack has a relatively small thermal voltage of about 1.24 V, and the thermal voltage increases by about 0.02 V for every 10% increase in the cathode inlet humidity after the cathode humidity reaches saturation. These conclusions are of great economic significance for improving the electric energy and waste heat utilization of water-cooled PEMFC.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Fengxiang & Pei, Yaowang & Jiao, Jieran & Chi, Xuncheng & Hou, Zhongjun, 2023. "Energy flow and thermal voltage analysis of water-cooled PEMFC stack under normal operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:275:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223006485
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127254
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    3. Zichen Lu & Ying Yan, 2024. "Temperature Control of Fuel Cell Based on PEI-DDPG," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Ma, Zhenxi & Cai, Liang & Sun, Li & Zhang, Xiao & Zhang, Xiaosong, 2024. "Thermodynamics and flexibility assessment on integrated high-temperature PEMFC and double-effect absorption heating/cooling cogeneration cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    5. Pei, Yaowang & Chen, Fengxiang & Jiao, Jieran & Ye, Huan & Zhang, Caizhi & Jiang, Xiaojie, 2024. "Fuel cell temperature control based on nonlinear transformation mitigating system nonlinearity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    6. Fan, Lixin & liu, Yang & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa, 2023. "A novel gas supply configuration for hydrogen utilization improvement in a multi-stack air-cooling PEMFC system with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    7. Zhang, Zhuo & Cai, Sai-jie & Li, Zheng-dao & Tao, Wen-Quan, 2024. "Electrical and thermal performance analysis of PEMFC with coolant flow field under steady-state condition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    8. Pei, Yaowang & Chen, Fengxiang & Jiao, Jieran & Liu, Shiguang, 2024. "Analysis and control strategy design for PEMFC purging process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).

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