IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v263y2023ipes0360544222030353.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental investigation on the inhibition of flame retardants on the flammability of R1234ze(E)

Author

Listed:
  • Zhao, Zhen
  • Luo, Jielin
  • Zou, Dexin
  • Yang, Kaiyin
  • Wang, Qin
  • Chen, Guangming

Abstract

Owing to environmental friendliness, R1234ze(E) is considered as an alternative refrigerant, but the flammability restricts its use and promotion. To reduce the combustible risk, nonflammable refrigerants can be blended, while there is a lack of research on mixture flammability. In this paper, the inhibition effects of three typical refrigerants R744, R1336mzz(E) and R1233zd(E) on the flammability of R1234ze(E) were experimentally investigated under the condition of 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. The flammable limits at different concentrations were measured and the critical suppression concentrations of the three retardants were determined as 0.41, 0.2 and 0.4 respectively, by which the parameters of fitting equations to their flammable limits were obtained. The inhibition mechanisms were briefly analyzed in terms of both physical and chemical effects, and typical flame propagation phenomena were compared with further analyses. A model for estimating critical suppression concentrations of ternary blends was established. The critical suppression lines of ternary blends R744/R1234ze(E)/R1336mzz(E) and R744/R1234ze(E)/R1233zd(E) were obtained, by which the nonflammable zones of the two ternary blends were preliminarily determined. The results have provided complements for previous studies using R744/R1234ze(E) at flammable concentrations and will contribute to utilize R1234ze(E) and its blends in safety for both scientific researches and industrial applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Zhen & Luo, Jielin & Zou, Dexin & Yang, Kaiyin & Wang, Qin & Chen, Guangming, 2023. "Experimental investigation on the inhibition of flame retardants on the flammability of R1234ze(E)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:263:y:2023:i:pe:s0360544222030353
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.126149
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222030353
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126149?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yang, Zhao & Wu, Xi & Tian, Tian, 2015. "Flammability of Trans-1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene and its binary blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 386-392.
    2. Abas, Naeem & Kalair, Ali Raza & Khan, Nasrullah & Haider, Aun & Saleem, Zahid & Saleem, Muhammad Shoaib, 2018. "Natural and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 557-569.
    3. Yang, Jingye & Ye, Zhenhong & Yu, Binbin & Ouyang, Hongsheng & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "Simultaneous experimental comparison of low-GWP refrigerants as drop-in replacements to R245fa for Organic Rankine cycle application: R1234ze(Z), R1233zd(E), and R1336mzz(E)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 721-731.
    4. Wu, Di & Hu, Bin & Wang, R.Z., 2021. "Vapor compression heat pumps with pure Low-GWP refrigerants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    5. Feng, Biao & Yang, Zhao & Zhai, Rui, 2018. "Experimental study on the influence of the flame retardants on the flammability of R1234yf," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 212-218.
    6. Ma, Yitai & Liu, Zhongyan & Tian, Hua, 2013. "A review of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump and refrigeration cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 156-172.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Ji & Hu, Xudong & Wu, Ding & Huang, Xiaohui & Wang, Xuehui & Yang, Yan & Wen, Chuang, 2023. "A comparative study on design and performance evaluation of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) under different two-phase heat transfer correlations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    2. Wang, Xueyan & Tian, Hua & Shu, Gequn & Yang, Zhao, 2024. "Experimental and chemical kinetics study on the flammability limit of CO2/C3H6 mixture working fluid at variable initial temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    3. Zhang, Ji & Wu, Ding & Huang, Xiaohui & Hu, Xudong & Fang, Xi & Wen, Chuang, 2024. "Comparative study on the organic rankine cycle off-design performance under different zeotropic mixture flow boiling correlations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    4. Kumma, Nagarjuna & Kruthiventi, S.S Harish, 2024. "Current status of refrigerants used in domestic applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    5. Fan, Xiaoya & Liu, Yufei & Li, Xingxing & Chen, Qi & Wang, Shuhua & Chen, Guangming, 2024. "Experimental study on the influence of flame retardants under high-temperature conditions on the flammability of R1234ze(E) and R290," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Giménez-Prades, P. & Navarro-Esbrí, J. & Arpagaus, C. & Fernández-Moreno, A. & Mota-Babiloni, A., 2022. "Novel molecules as working fluids for refrigeration, heat pump and organic Rankine cycle systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    2. Wang, Yao & Wang, Qianlong & Yu, Jianlin & Qian, Suxin, 2023. "A heat pump dual temperature display cabinet using natural refrigerants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PB).
    3. Albà, C.G. & Alkhatib, I.I.I. & Llovell, F. & Vega, L.F., 2023. "Hunting sustainable refrigerants fulfilling technical, environmental, safety and economic requirements," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Chen, Yubo & Yang, Zhao & Zhang, Yong & He, Hongxia & Li, Jie, 2023. "Combustion and interaction mechanism of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene/1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane as an environmentally friendly mixed working fluid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    5. Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & Belman-Flores, J.M. & Makhnatch, Pavel & Navarro-Esbrí, Joaquín & Barroso-Maldonado, J.M., 2018. "Experimental exergy analysis of R513A to replace R134a in a small capacity refrigeration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 99-110.
    6. Zeng, Min-Qiang & Zheng, Qiu-Yun & Zhang, Xue-Lai & Mo, Fan-Yang & Zhang, Xin-Rong, 2022. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel multi-target temperature transcritical CO2 ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle with vapor-injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    7. Jia, Fan & Yin, Xiang & Cao, Feng & Fang, Jianmin & Wang, Anci & Wang, Xixi & Yang, Lichen, 2024. "A novel control method for the automotive CO2 heat pumps under inappropriate refrigerant charge conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    8. Chen, Ruihua & Deng, Shuai & Zhao, Li & Zhao, Ruikai & Xu, Weicong, 2022. "Energy recovery from wastewater in deep-sea mining: Feasibility study on an energy supply solution with cold wastewater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    9. Adamson, Keri-Marie & Walmsley, Timothy Gordon & Carson, James K. & Chen, Qun & Schlosser, Florian & Kong, Lana & Cleland, Donald John, 2022. "High-temperature and transcritical heat pump cycles and advancements: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    10. Kutub Uddin & Bidyut Baran Saha, 2022. "An Overview of Environment-Friendly Refrigerants for Domestic Air Conditioning Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-24, October.
    11. Zhai, Rui & Yang, Zhao & Chen, Yubo & Feng, Biao & Lv, Zijian & Zhao, Wenzhong, 2019. "Theoretical and experimental studies on the combustion mechanism of Trans-1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    12. Mastrowski, Mikolaj & Smolka, Jacek & Hafner, Armin & Haida, Michal & Palacz, Michal & Banasiak, Krzysztof, 2019. "Experimental study of the heat transfer problem in expansion devices in CO2 refrigeration systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 586-597.
    13. Xin, Liyong & Liu, Chao & Tan, Luxi & Xu, Xiaoxiao & Li, Qibin & Huo, Erguang & Sun, Kuan, 2021. "Thermal stability and pyrolysis products of HFO-1234yf as an environment-friendly working fluid for Organic Rankine Cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    14. Jiang, Sufan & Gao, Shan & Pan, Guangsheng & Zhao, Xin & Liu, Yu & Guo, Yasen & Wang, Sicheng, 2020. "A novel robust security constrained unit commitment model considering HVDC regulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    15. Chen, Yubo & Yang, Zhao & Lv, Zijian & Zhang, Yong & Li, Jie & Fei, Teng, 2023. "Combustion mechanism and product characteristics of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene as an environmentally friendly working fluid for organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Feng, Biao & Yang, Zhao & Zhai, Rui, 2017. "Experimental research on the concentration characteristics of R32 and R161′ combustion product HF," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 671-680.
    17. Artur Bieniek & Jan Kuchmacz & Karol Sztekler & Lukasz Mika & Ewelina Radomska, 2021. "A New Method of Regulating the Cooling Capacity of a Cooling System with CO 2," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, March.
    18. Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen & Sheikhpour, Mojgan & Mahian, Omid & Yan, Wei-Mon & Wongwises, Somchai, 2018. "Applications of eco-friendly refrigerants and nanorefrigerants: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 91-99.
    19. Qi Chen & Yinsong Li, 2022. "Experimental Investigation on Intermittent Operation Characteristics of Dual-Temperature Refrigeration System Using Hydrocarbon Mixture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    20. Dennis K. Kim & Peter B. Sunderland, 2020. "Viability of Various Sources to Ignite A2L Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:263:y:2023:i:pe:s0360544222030353. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.