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Experimental study on the influence of flame retardants under high-temperature conditions on the flammability of R1234ze(E) and R290

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Listed:
  • Fan, Xiaoya
  • Liu, Yufei
  • Li, Xingxing
  • Chen, Qi
  • Wang, Shuhua
  • Chen, Guangming

Abstract

The development of alternative refrigerants with low global warming potentials (GWP) has become a trend in response to the increasing demands for environment protection. R1234ze(E) and R290 have extremely low GWP values and are potential substitutes. However, their flammability limits their applications under high-temperature conditions. In this study, R134a was experimentally investigated for its flame-retardant effect on R1234ze(E) and R290 refrigerants at 60 °C. The flammability ranges of pure flammable refrigerants were measured, and the variations in the flammability limits of binary mixtures, namely, R134a/R1234ze(E) and R134a/R290, formed at different concentrations of R134a, were explored. The critical explosion suppression ratios for R134a/R1234ze(E) and R134a/R290 were 0.315 and 17.3, respectively. Theoretical predictions were made to study the flammability limit range of the ternary refrigerant mixture R1234ze(E)/R290/R134a, revealing a very narrow non-flammable range, and experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of this prediction. This was primarily due to the poor flame-retardant effect of R134a on R290, which hindered effective synergy formation. This study provided important combustion safety data for R1234ze(E) and R290 mixed refrigerants under high-temperature conditions, and laid an experimental foundation for the future development of new low-GWP mixed refrigerants.

Suggested Citation

  • Fan, Xiaoya & Liu, Yufei & Li, Xingxing & Chen, Qi & Wang, Shuhua & Chen, Guangming, 2024. "Experimental study on the influence of flame retardants under high-temperature conditions on the flammability of R1234ze(E) and R290," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:293:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224003414
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.130569
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Zhen & Luo, Jielin & Zou, Dexin & Yang, Kaiyin & Wang, Qin & Chen, Guangming, 2023. "Experimental investigation on the inhibition of flame retardants on the flammability of R1234ze(E)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    2. Wu, Di & Hu, Bin & Wang, R.Z., 2021. "Vapor compression heat pumps with pure Low-GWP refrigerants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
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    1. Zhang, Zhihao & He, Guogeng & Hua, Jialiang & Hao, Zian & Ning, Qian & Zhou, Sai, 2024. "Comparison of combustion and interaction mechanisms of mixed working fluids R152a and R1270: A theoretical and experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).

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