IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v261y2022ipas0360544222021697.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A comparative analysis on alternative air-conditioning systems for high-tech cleanrooms and their performance in different climate zones

Author

Listed:
  • Zhao, Wenxuan
  • Li, Hangxin
  • Wang, Shengwei

Abstract

The strict requirements on temperature, humidity and particle concentration cause cleanrooms to consume enormous energy today, with global power consumption at the same magnitude of data centers. As the most energy-intensive representative, the high-tech cleanroom consumes nearly three times as much energy as the data center, but receives far less attention. Proper design and control of air-conditioning systems for high-tech cleanrooms are key issues to reduce their energy use while ensuring the required built environment. In this study, the existing alternative air-conditioning systems for high-tech cleanrooms are categorized into three typical types according to decoupling degree. Their energy and economic performance, and applicable situations are systematically assessed and analyzed under the full range of climatic conditions using the EnergyPlus/Matlab platform. Results show that the “fully decoupled” MAU (make-up air handling unit) +DCC (dry cooling coil) +FFU (fan filter unit) system is the most energy-efficient and cost-efficient system, which can achieve 39.2–79.6% energy savings compared with the conventional coupled systems. This system also presents higher energy-saving potential in hot and mild climates, with short dynamic payback periods (<0.7 year) for retrofitting existing coupled systems. Besides, guidance and recommendations for system/site selections of large-scale high-tech manufacturing fabs are provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Wenxuan & Li, Hangxin & Wang, Shengwei, 2022. "A comparative analysis on alternative air-conditioning systems for high-tech cleanrooms and their performance in different climate zones," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:261:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544222021697
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125284
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222021697
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125284?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2014. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 622-638.
    2. Shan, Kui & Wang, Shengwei, 2017. "Energy efficient design and control of cleanroom environment control systems in subtropical regions – A comparative analysis and on-site validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 582-595.
    3. Cheng-Kuang Chang & Tee Lin & Shih-Cheng Hu & Ben-Ran Fu & Jung-Sheng Hsu, 2016. "Various Energy-Saving Approaches to a TFT-LCD Panel Fab," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-10, September.
    4. Lei, Nuoa & Masanet, Eric, 2020. "Statistical analysis for predicting location-specific data center PUE and its improvement potential," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    5. Hu, S.-C. & Chuah, Y.K., 2003. "Power consumption of semiconductor fabs in Taiwan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 895-907.
    6. Zhuang, Chaoqun & Wang, Shengwei & Shan, Kui, 2019. "Adaptive full-range decoupled ventilation strategy and air-conditioning systems for cleanrooms and buildings requiring strict humidity control and their performance evaluation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 883-896.
    7. Zhang, Hainan & Shao, Shuangquan & Xu, Hongbo & Zou, Huiming & Tian, Changqing, 2014. "Free cooling of data centers: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 171-182.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Wenxuan & Li, Hangxin & Wang, Shengwei, 2024. "A generic design optimization framework for semiconductor cleanroom air-conditioning systems integrating heat recovery and free cooling for enhanced energy performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    2. Cai, Rong-Rong & Zhang, Li-Zhi, 2023. "Progress and perspective of polymer electret-based PM2.5 filtration: Efficiencies, regeneration, and energy implications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matteo Manganelli & Alessandro Soldati & Luigi Martirano & Seeram Ramakrishna, 2021. "Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Data Centers via Energy Mix, Energy Conservation, and Circular Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Jerez Monsalves, Juan & Bergaentzlé, Claire & Keles, Dogan, 2023. "Impacts of flexible-cooling and waste-heat recovery from data centres on energy systems: A Danish case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    3. Chu, Wen-Xiao & Wang, Chi-Chuan, 2019. "A review on airflow management in data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 84-119.
    4. Sohel Murshed, S.M. & Nieto de Castro, C.A., 2017. "A critical review of traditional and emerging techniques and fluids for electronics cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 821-833.
    5. Mieczysław Porowski & Monika Jakubiak, 2022. "Energy-Optimal Structures of HVAC System for Cleanrooms as a Function of Key Constant Parameters and External Climate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-41, January.
    6. Mateusz Borkowski & Adam Krzysztof Piłat, 2022. "Energy Efficiency Increase Achieved by Dedicated Rule-Based Control of Chillers Operating in the Data Center," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-25, March.
    7. Di Salvo, André L.A. & Agostinho, Feni & Almeida, Cecília M.V.B. & Giannetti, Biagio F., 2017. "Can cloud computing be labeled as “green”? Insights under an environmental accounting perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 514-526.
    8. Wansheng Yang & Lin Yang & Junjie Ou & Zhongqi Lin & Xudong Zhao, 2019. "Investigation of Heat Management in High Thermal Density Communication Cabinet by a Rear Door Liquid Cooling System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-25, November.
    9. Maytungkorn Sermsuk & Yanin Sukjai & Montri Wiboonrat & Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, 2021. "Utilising Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to Reduce the Electricity Cost of Data Centres," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, October.
    10. Oró, Eduard & Depoorter, Victor & Garcia, Albert & Salom, Jaume, 2015. "Energy efficiency and renewable energy integration in data centres. Strategies and modelling review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 429-445.
    11. Zhuang, Chaoqun & Wang, Shengwei, 2020. "Risk-based online robust optimal control of air-conditioning systems for buildings requiring strict humidity control considering measurement uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    12. Zhen Yang & Jinhong Du & Yiting Lin & Zhen Du & Li Xia & Qianchuan Zhao & Xiaohong Guan, 2022. "Increasing the energy efficiency of a data center based on machine learning," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(1), pages 323-335, February.
    13. Zhang, Hainan & Shao, Shuangquan & Tian, Changqing & Zhang, Kunzhu, 2018. "A review on thermosyphon and its integrated system with vapor compression for free cooling of data centers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 789-798.
    14. Xia, Guanghui & Zhuang, Dawei & Ding, Guoliang & Lu, Jingchao, 2020. "A quasi-three-dimensional distributed parameter model of micro-channel separated heat pipe applied for cooling telecommunication cabinets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    15. Shan, Kui & Wang, Jiayuan & Hu, Maomao & Gao, Dian-ce, 2019. "A model-based control strategy to recover cooling energy from thermal mass in commercial buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 958-967.
    16. Ljungqvist, Hampus Markeby & Mattsson, Louise & Risberg, Mikael & Vesterlund, Mattias, 2021. "Data center heated greenhouses, a matter for enhanced food self-sufficiency in sub-arctic regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    17. Hrvoje Dorotić & Kristijan Čuljak & Josip Miškić & Tomislav Pukšec & Neven Duić, 2022. "Technical and Economic Assessment of Supermarket and Power Substation Waste Heat Integration into Existing District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-29, February.
    18. Borkowski, Mateusz & Piłat, Adam Krzysztof, 2022. "Customized data center cooling system operating at significant outdoor temperature fluctuations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    19. Chen, Xiaoyuan & Jiang, Shan & Chen, Yu & Lei, Yi & Zhang, Donghui & Zhang, Mingshun & Gou, Huayu & Shen, Boyang, 2022. "A 10 MW class data center with ultra-dense high-efficiency energy distribution: Design and economic evaluation of superconducting DC busbar networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    20. Wang, Dabiao & Ma, Yuezheng & Tian, Ran & Duan, Jie & Hu, Busong & Shi, Lin, 2018. "Thermodynamic evaluation of an ORC system with a Low Pressure Saturated Steam heat source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 375-385.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:261:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544222021697. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.