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Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Data Centers via Energy Mix, Energy Conservation, and Circular Energy

Author

Listed:
  • Matteo Manganelli

    (Department of Astronautical, Electrical & Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy)

  • Alessandro Soldati

    (Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy)

  • Luigi Martirano

    (Department of Astronautical, Electrical & Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy)

  • Seeram Ramakrishna

    (Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore)

Abstract

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly permeating our daily life and we ever more commit our data to the cloud. Events like the COVID-19 pandemic put an exceptional burden upon ICT. This involves increasing implementation and use of data centers, which increased energy use and environmental impact. The scope of this work is to summarize the present situation on data centers as to environmental impact and opportunities for improvement. First, we introduce the topic, presenting estimated energy use and emissions. Then, we review proposed strategies for energy efficiency and conservation in data centers. Energy uses pertain to power distribution, ICT, and non-ICT equipment (e.g., cooling). Existing and prospected strategies and initiatives in these sectors are identified. Among key elements are innovative cooling techniques, natural resources, automation, low-power electronics, and equipment with extended thermal limits. Research perspectives are identified and estimates of improvement opportunities are mentioned. Finally, we present an overview on existing metrics, regulatory framework, and bodies concerned.

Suggested Citation

  • Matteo Manganelli & Alessandro Soldati & Luigi Martirano & Seeram Ramakrishna, 2021. "Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Data Centers via Energy Mix, Energy Conservation, and Circular Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:6114-:d:564730
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    Cited by:

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    4. Mohamed Sameer Hoosain & Babu Sena Paul & Susanna Kass & Seeram Ramakrishna, 2023. "Tools Towards the Sustainability and Circularity of Data Centers," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 173-197, March.
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    6. Xihao Wang & Xiaojun Wang & Yuqing Liu & Chun Xiao & Rongsheng Zhao & Ye Yang & Zhao Liu, 2022. "A Sustainability Improvement Strategy of Interconnected Data Centers Based on Dispatching Potential of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, June.
    7. Dawn Nafus & Eve M. Schooler & Karly Ann Burch, 2021. "Carbon-Responsive Computing: Changing the Nexus between Energy and Computing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-26, October.
    8. Silva, C.A. & Vilaça, R. & Pereira, A. & Bessa, R.J., 2024. "A review on the decarbonization of high-performance computing centers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).

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