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Design principles and digital control of advanced distributed propulsion systems

Author

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  • Burston, Martin
  • Ranasinghe, Kavindu
  • Gardi, Alessandro
  • Parezanović, Vladimir
  • Ajaj, Rafic
  • Sabatini, Roberto

Abstract

The integration of advanced distributed propulsion (DP) systems within various aircraft configurations holds the potential to greatly increase aircraft performance, particularly in terms of fuel efficiency, reduction of harmful emissions and reduction of take-off field length requirements. This has been enabled by modern analysis tools, materials technology and control systems which take advantage of the positive interactions between the propulsive configuration and the aerodynamics of the aircraft. In particular, synergies are maximized when the propulsion system uses distributed nozzles, crossflow fans and multiple distributed fans. Recent advances in electric propulsion have encouraged the hybridization of propulsive systems, with airliners having multiple electric fans powered by one or two gas turbine engines. Furthermore, due to recent advances in airframe integration solutions, the propulsive element can become an integral part of the control and stability augmentation capabilities of the aircraft. Thereby, the digital control of advanced DP systems is crucial for the purpose of thrust modulation and intelligent management of engine resources and health. This not only aids in mission optimization but also supports the case for airworthiness certification of novel aircraft configurations integrating advanced DP systems. This paper presents a critical review of the existing literature on the subject of DP, identifying the benefits and drawbacks of this technology as well as its proposed practical applications. The review also discusses contemporary advances in hybrid electric technology, aeroelasticity research and the fundamental design steps to integrate advanced DP systems in fixed-wing aircraft. Additionally, an evolutionary outlook is presented on digital control of DP systems with a focus on advancing the techniques for mission optimization and engine health management for enhanced safety and sustainability. Based on the proposed design principles and digital control methodology, conclusions are drawn about the suitability of advanced DP for various applications and recommendations are made for future research and development.

Suggested Citation

  • Burston, Martin & Ranasinghe, Kavindu & Gardi, Alessandro & Parezanović, Vladimir & Ajaj, Rafic & Sabatini, Roberto, 2022. "Design principles and digital control of advanced distributed propulsion systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:241:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221030371
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sliwinski, Jacob & Gardi, Alessandro & Marino, Matthew & Sabatini, Roberto, 2017. "Hybrid-electric propulsion integration in unmanned aircraft," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P2), pages 1407-1416.
    2. Ranasinghe, Kavindu & Guan, Kai & Gardi, Alessandro & Sabatini, Roberto, 2019. "Review of advanced low-emission technologies for sustainable aviation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Haofeng Xu & Yiou He & Kieran L. Strobel & Christopher K. Gilmore & Sean P. Kelley & Cooper C. Hennick & Thomas Sebastian & Mark R. Woolston & David J. Perreault & Steven R. H. Barrett, 2018. "Flight of an aeroplane with solid-state propulsion," Nature, Nature, vol. 563(7732), pages 532-535, November.
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    1. Michał Kuźniar & Małgorzata Pawlak & Marek Orkisz, 2022. "Comparison of Pollutants Emission for Hybrid Aircraft with Traditional and Multi-Propeller Distributed Propulsion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Semeraro, Concetta & Aljaghoub, Haya & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Alami, Abdul Hai & Dassisti, Michele & Olabi, A.G., 2023. "Guidelines for designing a digital twin for Li-ion battery: A reference methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    3. Wen, Jie & Wan, Chenxi & Xu, Guoqiang & Zhuang, Laihe & Dong, Bensi & Chen, Junjie, 2024. "Optimization of thermal management system architecture in hydrogen engine employing improved genetic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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