IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v238y2022ipas0360544221018818.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental study on the effects of air blowing and irradiance intensity on the performance of photovoltaic modules, using Central Composite Design

Author

Listed:
  • Shiravi, Amir Hossein
  • Firoozzadeh, Mohammad
  • Lotfi, Marzieh

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays an important role in the progressing trend of using renewable energies in the world. Yet the negative impact of a cell's temperature rise on its performance is a major weakness of this technology. In this paper, the effects of both air blowing and emitted radiation are investigated experimentally in the ranges of 0–7.7 km/h and 360–840 W/m2, respectively. In this regard, using Central Composite Design (CCD), the experiment was designed and performed to evaluate the response of a PV module to both of the variables. The results show that the PV module temperature drops from 61 °C to 40 °C when radiation intensity is 840 W/m2 and air velocity is 7.7 km/h. This temperature reduction causes a 2.5 % rise in electrical efficiency. Three equations were derived in order to correlate the outcome of temperature, electrical efficiency, and output power of a PV cell, with respect to irradiation intensity and air velocity. It is realized that in order to enhance the PV module output power, the effect of air current velocity is potentially more promising than the irradiance intensity. Also, the results proves that the impact of cooling the module on electrical efficiency strongly depends on the level of irradiation intensity.

Suggested Citation

  • Shiravi, Amir Hossein & Firoozzadeh, Mohammad & Lotfi, Marzieh, 2022. "Experimental study on the effects of air blowing and irradiance intensity on the performance of photovoltaic modules, using Central Composite Design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:238:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221018818
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121633
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221018818
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121633?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fudholi, Ahmad & Zohri, Muhammad & Rukman, Nurul Shahirah Binti & Nazri, Nurul Syakirah & Mustapha, Muslizainun & Yen, Chan Hoy & Mohammad, Masita & Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, 2019. "Exergy and sustainability index of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector: A theoretical and experimental study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 44-51.
    2. Jack P. C. Kleijnen, 2015. "Response Surface Methodology," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Michael C Fu (ed.), Handbook of Simulation Optimization, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 81-104, Springer.
    3. Gökmen, Nuri & Hu, Weihao & Hou, Peng & Chen, Zhe & Sera, Dezso & Spataru, Sergiu, 2016. "Investigation of wind speed cooling effect on PV panels in windy locations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 283-290.
    4. Firoozzadeh, Mohammad & Shiravi, Amir Hossein & Lotfi, Marzieh & Aidarova, Saule & Sharipova, Altynay, 2021. "Optimum concentration of carbon black aqueous nanofluid as coolant of photovoltaic modules: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    5. Sarhaddi, F. & Farahat, S. & Ajam, H. & Behzadmehr, A. & Mahdavi Adeli, M., 2010. "An improved thermal and electrical model for a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(7), pages 2328-2339, July.
    6. Shahsavar, Amin & Jha, Prabhakar & Arici, Muslum & Kefayati, Gholamreza, 2021. "A comparative experimental investigation of energetic and exergetic performances of water/magnetite nanofluid-based photovoltaic/thermal system equipped with finned and unfinned collectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    7. Rezvanpour, Mohammad & Borooghani, Danial & Torabi, Farschad & Pazoki, Maryam, 2020. "Using CaCl2·6H2O as a phase change material for thermo-regulation and enhancing photovoltaic panels’ conversion efficiency: Experimental study and TRNSYS validation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1907-1921.
    8. Liu, Wen & Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Zhang, Xiliang, 2011. "Potential of renewable energy systems in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 518-525, February.
    9. Saffarian, Mohammad Reza & Moravej, Mojtaba & Doranehgard, Mohammad Hossein, 2020. "Heat transfer enhancement in a flat plate solar collector with different flow path shapes using nanofluid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2316-2329.
    10. Cui, Tengfei & Xuan, Yimin & Yin, Ershuai & Li, Qiang & Li, Dianhong, 2017. "Experimental investigation on potential of a concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric system with phase change materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 94-102.
    11. Esteban, Miguel & Zhang, Qi & Utama, Agya, 2012. "Estimation of the energy storage requirement of a future 100% renewable energy system in Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 22-31.
    12. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2011. "The first step towards a 100% renewable energy-system for Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 502-507, February.
    13. Zondag, H.A., 2008. "Flat-plate PV-Thermal collectors and systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 891-959, May.
    14. Tonui, J.K. & Tripanagnostopoulos, Y., 2007. "Improved PV/T solar collectors with heat extraction by forced or natural air circulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 623-637.
    15. Singh, Satyender & Dhiman, Prashant, 2014. "Thermal and thermohydraulic performance evaluation of a novel type double pass packed bed solar air heater under external recycle using an analytical and RSM (response surface methodology) combined ap," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 344-359.
    16. Teo, H.G. & Lee, P.S. & Hawlader, M.N.A., 2012. "An active cooling system for photovoltaic modules," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 309-315.
    17. Vittorini, Diego & Cipollone, Roberto, 2019. "Fin-cooled photovoltaic module modeling – Performances mapping and electric efficiency assessment under real operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 159-167.
    18. Sang-Myung Kim & Jin-Hee Kim & Jun-Tae Kim, 2019. "Experimental Study on the Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of an Air-Based Photovoltaic Thermal Collector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
    19. Li, Guiqiang & Shittu, Samson & zhou, Kai & Zhao, Xudong & Ma, Xiaoli, 2019. "Preliminary experiment on a novel photovoltaic-thermoelectric system in summer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    20. Hadipour, Amirhosein & Rajabi Zargarabadi, Mehran & Rashidi, Saman, 2021. "An efficient pulsed- spray water cooling system for photovoltaic panels: Experimental study and cost analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 867-875.
    21. Bahaidarah, H. & Subhan, Abdul & Gandhidasan, P. & Rehman, S., 2013. "Performance evaluation of a PV (photovoltaic) module by back surface water cooling for hot climatic conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 445-453.
    22. Hwi-Ung Choi & Kwang-Hwan Choi, 2020. "Performance Evaluation of PV/T Air Collector Having a Single-Pass Double-Flow Air Channel and Non-Uniform Cross-Section Transverse Rib," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, May.
    23. Kazemian, Arash & Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad & Sardarabadi, Mohammad & Passandideh-Fard, Mohammad, 2018. "Experimental study of using both ethylene glycol and phase change material as coolant in photovoltaic thermal systems (PVT) from energy, exergy and entropy generation viewpoints," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 210-223.
    24. Mohsenzadeh, Milad & Shafii, M.B. & Jafari mosleh, H., 2017. "A novel concentrating photovoltaic/thermal solar system combined with thermoelectric module in an integrated design," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 822-834.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rahimi, Masoud & Azimi, Neda & Nouira, Meriem & Shahsavar, Amin, 2023. "Experimental study on photovoltaic panels integrated with metal matrix sheets and bio-based phase change materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    2. Wu, Haojin & Zhou, Zhijun & Shan, Shiquan, 2022. "Optimal design principle of a cascading solar photovoltaic system with concentrating spectrum splitting and reshaping," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 197-210.
    3. Mohammad Firoozzadeh & Marzieh Lotfi & Amir Hossein Shiravi, 2022. "An Experimental Study on Simultaneous Use of Metal Fins and Mirror to Improve the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-14, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pang, Wei & Cui, Yanan & Zhang, Qian & Wilson, Gregory.J. & Yan, Hui, 2020. "A comparative analysis on performances of flat plate photovoltaic/thermal collectors in view of operating media, structural designs, and climate conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    2. Michael, Jee Joe & S, Iniyan & Goic, Ranko, 2015. "Flat plate solar photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) systems: A reference guide," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 62-88.
    3. Elbreki, A.M. & Alghoul, M.A. & Sopian, K. & Hussein, T., 2017. "Towards adopting passive heat dissipation approaches for temperature regulation of PV module as a sustainable solution," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 961-1017.
    4. Hwi-Ung Choi & Kwang-Hwan Choi, 2022. "Performance Evaluation of PVT Air Collector Coupled with a Triangular Block in Actual Climate Conditions in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Wu, Yunyang & Reedman, Luke J. & Barrett, Mark A. & Spataru, Catalina, 2018. "Comparison of CST with different hours of storage in the Australian National Electricity Market," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 487-496.
    6. Kane, Aarti & Verma, Vishal & Singh, Bhim, 2017. "Optimization of thermoelectric cooling technology for an active cooling of photovoltaic panel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1295-1305.
    7. Kim, Namsu & Kim, Dajung & Kang, Hanjun & Park, Yong-Gi, 2016. "Improved heat dissipation in a crystalline silicon PV module for better performance by using a highly thermal conducting backsheet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 515-520.
    8. Oztop, Hakan F. & Bayrak, Fatih & Hepbasli, Arif, 2013. "Energetic and exergetic aspects of solar air heating (solar collector) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 59-83.
    9. Mohammad Firoozzadeh & Marzieh Lotfi & Amir Hossein Shiravi, 2022. "An Experimental Study on Simultaneous Use of Metal Fins and Mirror to Improve the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-14, December.
    10. Elbreki, A.M. & Alghoul, M.A. & Al-Shamani, A.N. & Ammar, A.A. & Yegani, Bita & Aboghrara, Alsanossi M. & Rusaln, M.H. & Sopian, K., 2016. "The role of climatic-design-operational parameters on combined PV/T collector performance: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 602-647.
    11. Sato, Daisuke & Yamada, Noboru, 2019. "Review of photovoltaic module cooling methods and performance evaluation of the radiative cooling method," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 151-166.
    12. Olav H. Hohmeyer & Sönke Bohm, 2015. "Trends toward 100% renewable electricity supply in Germany and Europe: a paradigm shift in energy policies," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(1), pages 74-97, January.
    13. Nasrin, R. & Hasanuzzaman, M. & Rahim, N.A., 2018. "Effect of high irradiation and cooling on power, energy and performance of a PVT system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 552-569.
    14. Manxuan Xiao & Llewellyn Tang & Xingxing Zhang & Isaac Yu Fat Lun & Yanping Yuan, 2018. "A Review on Recent Development of Cooling Technologies for Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-39, December.
    15. Evangelos I. Sakellariou & Petros J. Axaopoulos & Ioannis E. Sarris & Nodirbek Abdullaev, 2021. "Improving the Electrical Efficiency of the PV Panel via Geothermal Heat Exchanger: Mathematical Model, Validation and Parametric Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, October.
    16. Yu, Qinghua & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing, 2021. "Research progress on utilization of phase change materials in photovoltaic/thermal systems: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    17. Luo, Zhenyu & Zhu, Na & Hu, Pingfang & Lei, Fei & Zhang, Yaxi, 2022. "Simulation study on performance of PV-PCM-TE system for year-round analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 263-273.
    18. Hansen, Kenneth & Breyer, Christian & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 471-480.
    19. Salari, Ali & Parcheforosh, Ali & Hakkaki-Fard, Ali & Amadeh, Ali, 2020. "A numerical study on a photovoltaic thermal system integrated with a thermoelectric generator module," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1261-1271.
    20. Siddiqui, M.U. & Siddiqui, Osman K. & Al-Sarkhi, A. & Arif, A.F.M. & Zubair, Syed M., 2019. "A novel heat exchanger design procedure for photovoltaic panel cooling application: An analytical and experimental evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 41-56.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:238:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221018818. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.