IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v229y2021ics0360544221009853.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Meeting EURO6 emission regulations by multi-objective optimization of the injection strategy of two direct injectors in a DDFS engine

Author

Listed:
  • Shirvani, Sasan
  • Shirvani, Saeid
  • Shamekhi, Amir H.
  • Reitz, Rolf
  • Salehi, Fatemeh

Abstract

Direct Dual Fuel Stratification (DDFS) is a novel LTC strategy among other strategies which uses two direct injectors in the combustion chamber, similar to Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI), but resulting in more authority over the combustion process and the rate of heat release. DDFS has comparable thermal efficiency to RCCI and HCCI, as well as extra-low NOx and soot emissions, and it also is able to meet the EURO6 emission mandate without using aftertreatment under optimized conditions. Thus, it is crucial to optimize the injection strategy of both injectors in a DDFS engine. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are used to develop a model for predicting engine performances and pollution. A multi-objective optimization analysis was performed to minimize NOX, soot and fuel consumption simultaneously using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for the injection parameters of the gasoline and diesel direct injectors. The optimal solutions met the EURO6 mandate for NOX and soot, offered lower fuel consumption up to 8 g/kW-h, and also had about 2% higher thermal efficiency than the base case. Thermodynamic evaluation based on the first and second laws were performed for seven selected candidates on the Pareto Front and compared with the base case.

Suggested Citation

  • Shirvani, Sasan & Shirvani, Saeid & Shamekhi, Amir H. & Reitz, Rolf & Salehi, Fatemeh, 2021. "Meeting EURO6 emission regulations by multi-objective optimization of the injection strategy of two direct injectors in a DDFS engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:229:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221009853
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120737
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221009853
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120737?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Jing & Yu, Xiao & Xie, Jingcheng & Yang, Wenming, 2020. "Mitigation of high pressure rise rate by varying IVC timing and EGR rate in an RCCI engine with high premixed fuel ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Zhang, Miao & Derafshzan, Saeed & Richter, Mattias & Lundgren, Marcus, 2020. "Effects of different injection strategies on ignition and combustion characteristics in an optical PPC engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    3. Han, Weiqiang & Lu, Yao & Jin, Chao & Tian, Xiaocong & Peng, Yiqiang & Pan, Suozhu & Liu, Haifeng & Zhang, Peng & Zhong, Yingzi, 2020. "Study on influencing factors of particle emissions from a RCCI engine with variation of premixing ratio and total cycle energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    4. Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming & Kokjohn, Sage L. & Chang, Yachao & Reitz, Rolf D., 2018. "Comprehensive analysis of exergy destruction sources in different engine combustion regimes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 697-708.
    5. Ansari, Ehsan & Shahbakhti, Mahdi & Naber, Jeffrey, 2018. "Optimization of performance and operational cost for a dual mode diesel-natural gas RCCI and diesel combustion engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 549-561.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Junheng & Liu, Yuan & Ji, Qian & Sun, Ping & Zhang, Xuchao & Wang, Xidong & Ma, Hongjie, 2023. "Effects of split injection strategy on combustion stability and GHG emissions characteristics of natural gas/diesel RCCI engine under high load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Cao, Jiale & Li, Tie & Huang, Shuai & Chen, Run & Li, Shiyan & Kuang, Min & Yang, Rundai & Huang, Yating, 2023. "Co-optimization of miller degree and geometric compression ratio of a large-bore natural gas generator engine with novel Knock models and machine learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    3. Wang, Huaiyu & Ji, Changwei & Yang, Jinxin & Wang, Shuofeng & Ge, Yunshan, 2022. "Towards a comprehensive optimization of the intake characteristics for side ported Wankel rotary engines by coupling machine learning with genetic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pan, Suozhu & Cai, Kai & Cai, Min & Du, Chenbo & Li, Xin & Han, Weiqiang & Wang, Xin & Liu, Daming & Wei, Jiangjun & Fang, Jia & Bao, Xiuchao, 2021. "Experimental study on the cyclic variations of ethanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    2. Aydın, Hüseyin, 2021. "An innovative research on variable compression ratio in RCCI strategy on a power generator diesel engine using CNG-safflower biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    3. Li, Zilong & Zhang, Yaoyuan & Huang, Guan & Zhao, Wenbin & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Control of intake boundary conditions for enabling clean combustion in variable engine conditions under intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    4. Huang, Yuhan & Surawski, Nic C. & Zhuang, Yuan & Zhou, John L. & Hong, Guang, 2021. "Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    5. Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming & Han, Xu & Bai, Xue-Song, 2021. "Towards a comprehensive optimization of engine efficiency and emissions by coupling artificial neural network (ANN) with genetic algorithm (GA)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    6. Kang, Yinhu & Wang, Qiang & Zhang, Pengyuan & Liu, Congcong & Lu, Xiaofeng & Wang, Quanhai, 2020. "Study on flame structure and extinction mechanism of dimethyl ether spherical diffusion flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    7. Zhong, Yingzi & Han, Weiqiang & Jin, Chao & Tian, Xiaocong & Liu, Haifeng, 2022. "Study on effects of the hydroxyl group position and carbon chain length on combustion and emission characteristics of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine fueled with low-carbon st," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    8. Li, Yaopeng & Li, Hua & Pang, Bin & Liu, Fei & Jia, Ming & Long, Wuqiang & Tian, Jiangping & Guo, Lijun, 2023. "Co-optimization of injection parameters and injector layouts for a methanol/diesel direct dual-fuel stratification (DDFS) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    9. Yang, Kailin & Wang, Zhongshu & Zhang, Kechao & Wang, Dan & Xie, Fangxi & Xu, Yun & Yang, Kaiqiang, 2023. "Impact of natural gas injection timing on the combustion and emissions performance of a dual-direct-injection diesel/natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    10. Adriano da S. Marques & Monica Carvalho & Álvaro A. V. Ochoa & Ronelly J. Souza & Carlos A. C. dos Santos, 2020. "Exergoeconomic Assessment of a Compact Electricity-Cooling Cogeneration Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    11. Ansari, Ehsan & Menucci, Tyler & Shahbakhti, Mahdi & Naber, Jeffrey, 2019. "Experimental investigation into effects of high reactive fuel on combustion and emission characteristics of the Diesel - Natural gas Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 948-956.
    12. Min Zhang & Wanhua Su & Zhi Jia, 2024. "Study of Efficient and Clean Combustion of Diesel–Natural Gas Engine at Low Loads with Concentration and Temperature Stratified Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-22, August.
    13. Zhao, Jinxing & Fu, Rui & Wang, Sen & Xu, Hongchang & Yuan, Zhiyuan, 2022. "Fuel economy improvement of a turbocharged gasoline SI engine through combining cooled EGR and high compression ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    14. Motlagh, Tara Yazdani & Azadani, Leila N. & Yazdani, Kaveh, 2020. "Multi-objective optimization of diesel injection parameters in a natural gas/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    15. Yousefi, Amin & Guo, Hongsheng & Birouk, Madjid, 2020. "Split diesel injection effect on knocking of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine at high load conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    16. Deng, Xiaorong & Li, Jing & Liang, Yifei & Yang, Wenming, 2023. "Dual-fuel engines fueled with n-butanol/n-octanol and n-butanol/DNBE: A comparative study of combustion and emissions characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    17. da Costa, Roberto Berlini Rodrigues & Rodrigues Filho, Fernando Antônio & Moreira, Thiago Augusto Araújo & Baêta, José Guilherme Coelho & Guzzo, Márcio Expedito & de Souza, José Leôncio Fonseca, 2020. "Exploring the lean limit operation and fuel consumption improvement of a homogeneous charge pre-chamber torch ignition system in an SI engine fueled with a gasoline-bioethanol blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    18. Rami Y. Dahham & Haiqiao Wei & Jiaying Pan, 2022. "Improving Thermal Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-60, August.
    19. Shen, Zhaojie & Wang, Xinyan & Zhao, Hua & Lin, Bo & Shen, Yitao & Yang, Jianguo, 2021. "Numerical investigation of natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine with different piston geometries and radial clearances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    20. Yao, Zhi-Min & Qian, Zuo-Qin & Li, Rong & Hu, Eric, 2019. "Energy efficiency analysis of marine high-powered medium-speed diesel engine base on energy balance and exergy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 991-1006.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:229:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221009853. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.