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Techno-economic analysis of cathode material production using flame-assisted spray pyrolysis

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  • Zang, Guiyan
  • Zhang, Jianan
  • Xu, Siqi
  • Xing, Yangchuan

Abstract

The cost of cathode materials contributes approximately 32.7% of the total cell construction cost of lithium-ion batteries, significantly affecting the price of battery packs. To reduce the cathode material manufacturing cost, a flame-assisted spray pyrolysis (FSP) method has been developed to utilize a sustainable solvent of glycerol to manufacture the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC333) cathode materials. The objective of this study is to evaluate the minimum cathode material selling price (MCSP) of the FSP processes compared with a traditional carbonate co-precipitation pathway. Results show that the MCSP of the FSP is $19.1/kg that is 17% lower than the traditional carbonate co-precipitation pathway as a result of lower fixed operating cost and variable overhead. Sensitivity analysis shows that when the new process is integrated with in-situ sintering and processing, the MCSP can be as low as $15.6/kg. When all the material prices are decreased by 20%, the FSP process can synthesize NMC333 at a price of $2.3/kg lower. According to the simulation result, LiNi0·8Mn0·1Co0·1O2 (NMC811) has the best potential to meet the U.S. Department of Energy battery price target of $125/kWh, demonstrating that the FSP process is an attractive manufacturing technology for NMC cathode powder material production.

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  • Zang, Guiyan & Zhang, Jianan & Xu, Siqi & Xing, Yangchuan, 2021. "Techno-economic analysis of cathode material production using flame-assisted spray pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:218:y:2021:i:c:s0360544220326116
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119504
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Jianan & Wang, Yuesen & Muldoon, Valerie L. & Deng, Sili, 2022. "Crude glycerol and glycerol as fuels and fuel additives in combustion applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    2. Ozawa, Akito & Morimoto, Shinichirou & Hatayama, Hiroki & Anzai, Yurie, 2023. "Energy–materials nexus of electrified vehicle penetration in Japan: A study on energy transition and cobalt flow," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    3. Gutsch, Moritz & Leker, Jens, 2024. "Costs, carbon footprint, and environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries – From cathode active material synthesis to cell manufacturing and recycling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).

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