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Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production

Author

Listed:
  • Sebastian Wolff

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Munich, Germany)

  • Moritz Seidenfus

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Munich, Germany)

  • Karim Gordon

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Munich, Germany)

  • Sergio Álvarez

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Munich, Germany)

  • Svenja Kalt

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Munich, Germany)

  • Markus Lienkamp

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Munich, Germany)

Abstract

The transportation sector needs to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. European manufacturers in particular must develop new vehicles and powertrains to comply with recent regulations and avoid fines for exceeding C O 2 emissions. To answer the question regarding which powertrain concept provides the best option to lower the environmental impacts, it is necessary to evaluate all vehicle life-cycle phases. Different system boundaries and scopes of the current state of science complicate a holistic impact assessment. This paper presents a scaleable life-cycle inventory (LCI) for heavy-duty trucks and powertrains components. We combine primary and secondary data to compile a component-based inventory and apply it to internal combustion engine (ICE), hybrid and battery electric vehicles (BEV). The vehicles are configured with regard to their powertrain topology and the components are scaled according to weight models. The resulting material compositions are modeled with LCA software to obtain global warming potential and primary energy demand. Especially for BEV, decisions in product development strongly influence the vehicle’s environmental impact. Our results show that the lithium-ion battery must be considered the most critical component for electrified powertrain concepts. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of considering the vehicle production phase.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastian Wolff & Moritz Seidenfus & Karim Gordon & Sergio Álvarez & Svenja Kalt & Markus Lienkamp, 2020. "Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:13:p:5396-:d:380131
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Oscar Lagnelöv & Gunnar Larsson & Anders Larsolle & Per-Anders Hansson, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of Autonomous Electric Field Tractors in Swedish Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Sebastian Wolff & Svenja Kalt & Manuel Bstieler & Markus Lienkamp, 2021. "Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design on Efficiency of Battery Electric Trucks—A Simulative Case-Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-15, January.
    3. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Lago Sari, Rafael & Tripathi, Shashwat, 2022. "Life cycle CO₂ footprint reduction comparison of hybrid and electric buses for bus transit networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    4. Sam Simons & Ulugbek Azimov, 2021. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.

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