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Torrefaction of ponkan peel waste in tubular fixed-bed reactor: In-depth bioenergetic evaluation of torrefaction products

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  • da Silva, Jean Constantino Gomes
  • Pereira, Jefferson Leque Claudio
  • Andersen, Silvia Layara Floriani
  • Moreira, Regina de Fatima Peralta Muniz
  • José, Humberto Jorge

Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate the optimum torrefaction conditions needed to improve the energetic characteristics of Ponkan peel waste (a citrus-processing industry by-product). Torrefaction was performed in a tubular fixed-bed reactor at 200–300 °C for 15–60 min. The non-condensable and condensable gases were analyzed by a gas analyzer and GC-MS, while the energetic and physicochemical characteristic of torrefied solids were evaluated with several techniques and indexes. The energetic characteristics of the torrefied solid are better for torrefaction performed at 300 °C, however, the energy yield is lower than those produced at 200 °C. The torrefied solid produced at 200 °C had heating values similar to those of biomasses widely used in combustion and gasification systems. CO2 and CO were the main compounds found in non-condensable gases, and their content increases according to the torrefaction temperature. The condensable gases are composed of several compounds whose distribution changes according to the torrefaction temperature. The temperature of 200 °C was the most recommended for torrefaction of Ponkan peel waste since the condensable gases included products with market value, lower CO2 release, and higher solid and energy yield, and improved energetic characteristics of the solid.

Suggested Citation

  • da Silva, Jean Constantino Gomes & Pereira, Jefferson Leque Claudio & Andersen, Silvia Layara Floriani & Moreira, Regina de Fatima Peralta Muniz & José, Humberto Jorge, 2020. "Torrefaction of ponkan peel waste in tubular fixed-bed reactor: In-depth bioenergetic evaluation of torrefaction products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:210:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220316777
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118569
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