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Operational modal analysis on a VAWT in a large wind tunnel using stereo vision technique

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  • Najafi, Nadia
  • Paulsen, Uwe Schmidt

Abstract

This paper is about development and use of a research based stereo vision system for vibration and operational modal analysis on a parked, 1-kW, 3-bladed vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), tested in a wind tunnel at high wind. Vibrations were explored experimentally by tracking small deflections of the markers on the structure with two cameras, and also numerically, to study structural vibrations in an overall objective to investigate challenges and to prove the capability of using stereo vision. Two high speed cameras provided displacement measurements at no wind speed interference. The displacement time series were obtained using a robust image processing algorithm and analyzed with data-driven stochastic subspace identification (DD-SSI) method. In addition of exploring structural behaviour, the VAWT testing gave us the possibility to study aerodynamic effects at Reynolds number of approximately 2 × 105. VAWT dynamics were simulated using HAWC2. The stereo vision results and HAWC2 simulations agree within 4% except for mode 3 and 4. The high aerodynamic damping of one of the blades, in flatwise motion, would explain the gap between those two modes from simulation and stereo vision. A set of conventional sensors, such as accelerometers and strain gauges, are also measuring rotor vibration during the experiment. The spectral analysis of the output signals of the conventional sensors agrees the stereo vision results within 4% except for mode 4 which is due to the inaccuracy of spectral analysis in picking very closely spaced modes. Finally, the uncertainty of the 3D displacement measurement was evaluated by applying a generalized method based on the law of error propagation, for a linear camera model of the stereo vision system.

Suggested Citation

  • Najafi, Nadia & Paulsen, Uwe Schmidt, 2017. "Operational modal analysis on a VAWT in a large wind tunnel using stereo vision technique," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 405-416.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:125:y:2017:i:c:p:405-416
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.133
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Battisti, L. & Benini, E. & Brighenti, A. & Raciti Castelli, M. & Dell'Anna, S. & Dossena, V. & Persico, G. & Schmidt Paulsen, U. & Pedersen, T.F., 2016. "Wind tunnel testing of the DeepWind demonstrator in design and tilted operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 484-497.
    2. Hassani, Hossein, 2007. "Singular Spectrum Analysis: Methodology and Comparison," MPRA Paper 4991, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahsan, Faraz & Griffith, D. Todd & Gao, Ju, 2022. "Modal dynamics and flutter analysis of floating offshore vertical axis wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1284-1300.
    2. Ying Wang & Wensheng Lu & Kaoshan Dai & Miaomiao Yuan & Shen-En Chen, 2018. "Dynamic Study of a Rooftop Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Tower Based on an Automated Vibration Data Processing Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-21, November.
    3. Rezaeiha, Abdolrahim & Montazeri, Hamid & Blocken, Bert, 2018. "Towards optimal aerodynamic design of vertical axis wind turbines: Impact of solidity and number of blades," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1129-1148.

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