Closing the clean cooking gap: Which policies and institutional qualities matter?

Access to clean energy is vital for fostering economic development and promoting shared prosperity. Yet, billions of people in the developing world continue to lack access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, creating a growing clean cooking gap. Achieving universal access to clean cooking requires integrated policies and quality institutions. However, attempts to examine the policies and institutional qualities that matter are missing. We take up this task and study the role of public policies and institutional qualities in closing the clean cooking gap using a generalized method of moment and a dynamic panel threshold model for 65 developing countries covering the period between 2005 and 2022. Our result confirms that economic management policies and policies for social inclusion and equity were critical to closing the clean cooking gap. Also, structural policies, except for a few dimensions, were found to minimize the clean cooking gap. However, we find an unintended adverse effect of a strict public sector management and institution on the clean cooking gap. Our study recommends the need for targeted interventions involving subsidies, tax incentives, and credit guarantees carried out under a flexible regulatory framework.