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A complex discrete warm standby system with loss of units

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  • Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy
  • Fernández-Villodre, Gemma

Abstract

A redundant complex discrete system is modelled through phase type distributions. The system is composed of a finite number of units, one online and the others in a warm standby arrangement. The units may undergo internal wear and/or accidental external failures. The latter may be repairable or non-repairable for the online unit, while the failures of the standby units are always repairable. The repairability of accidental failures for the online unit may be independent or not of the time elapsed up to their occurrence. The times up to failure of the online unit, the time up to accidental failure of the warm standby ones and the time needed for repair are assumed to be phase-type distributed. When a non-repairable failure occurs, the corresponding unit is removed. If all units are removed, the system is then reinitialized. The model is built and the transient and stationary distributions determined. Some measures of interest associated with the system, such as transition probabilities, availability and the conditional probability of failure are achieved in transient and stationary regimes. All measures are obtained in a matrix algebraic algorithmic form under which the model can be applied. The results in algorithmic form have been implemented computationally with Matlab. An optimization is performed when costs and rewards are present in the system. A numerical example illustrates the results and the CPU (Central Processing Unit) times for the computation are determined, showing the utility of the algorithms.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy & Fernández-Villodre, Gemma, 2012. "A complex discrete warm standby system with loss of units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 218(2), pages 456-469.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:218:y:2012:i:2:p:456-469
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2011.11.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy & Li, Quan-Lin, 2011. "Algorithm for a general discrete k-out-of-n: G system subject to several types of failure with an indefinite number of repairpersons," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 211(1), pages 97-111, May.
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    4. Papageorgiou, Effie & Kokolakis, George, 2010. "Reliability analysis of a two-unit general parallel system with (n-2) warm standbys," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 201(3), pages 821-827, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Juan Eloy Ruiz-Castro, 2015. "A preventive maintenance policy for a standby system subject to internal failures and external shocks with loss of units," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(9), pages 1600-1613, July.
    2. Gregory Levitin & Heping Jia & Yi Ding & Yonghua Song, 2017. "1-out-of-N multi-state standby systems with state-dependent random replacement times," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 231(6), pages 750-760, December.
    3. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2014. "Cold vs. hot standby mission operation cost minimization for 1-out-of-N systems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 234(1), pages 155-162.
    4. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2021. "Optimization of cyclic preventive replacement in homogeneous warm-standby system with reusable elements exposed to shocks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    5. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Heterogeneous standby systems with shocks-driven preventive replacements," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(3), pages 1189-1197.
    6. Kayedpour, Farjam & Amiri, Maghsoud & Rafizadeh, Mahmoud & Shahryari Nia, Arash, 2017. "Multi-objective redundancy allocation problem for a system with repairable components considering instantaneous availability and strategy selection," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 11-20.
    7. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Peng, Sun & Dai, Yuanshun, 2015. "Optimal choice of standby modes in 1-out-of-N system with respect to mission reliability and cost," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 258(C), pages 587-596.
    8. Wells, Charles E., 2014. "Reliability analysis of a single warm-standby system subject to repairable and nonrepairable failures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 235(1), pages 180-186.
    9. E. Vanderperre & S. Makhanov, 2015. "Reliability of Birolini’s duplex system sustained by a cold standby unit and subjected to a priority rule," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 23(2), pages 441-465, July.
    10. Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy & Dawabsha, Mohammed & Alonso, Francisco Javier, 2018. "Discrete-time Markovian arrival processes to model multi-state complex systems with loss of units and an indeterminate variable number of repairpersons," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 114-127.
    11. Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy, 2016. "Markov counting and reward processes for analysing the performance of a complex system subject to random inspections," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 155-168.
    12. Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy, 2016. "Complex multi-state systems modelled through marked Markovian arrival processes," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 252(3), pages 852-865.
    13. E.J. Vanderperre & S.S. Makhanov, 2014. "Reliability analysis of a repairable duplex system," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(9), pages 1970-1977, September.
    14. Liu, Baoliang & Cui, Lirong & Wen, Yanqing & Shen, Jingyuan, 2015. "A cold standby repairable system with working vacations and vacation interruption following Markovian arrival process," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 1-8.
    15. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Optimizing availability of heterogeneous standby systems exposed to shocks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 137-145.
    16. Juybari, Mohammad N. & Hamadani, Ali Zeinal & Ardakan, Mostafa Abouei, 2023. "Availability analysis and cost optimization of a repairable system with a mix of active and warm-standby components in a shock environment," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    17. Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy, 2020. "A complex multi-state k-out-of-n: G system with preventive maintenance and loss of units," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    18. Edmond Vanderperre & Stanislav Makhanov, 2014. "On the availability of a warm standby system: a numerical approach," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 22(2), pages 644-657, July.
    19. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2021. "Optimal shock-driven switching strategies with elements reuse in heterogeneous warm-standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).

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