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Equivalence of the realized input and output oriented indirect effects metrics in Ecological Network Analysis

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  • Borrett, S.R.
  • Freeze, M.A.
  • Salas, A.K.

Abstract

A new understanding of the consequences of how ecosystem elements are interconnected is emerging from the development and application of Ecological Network Analysis. The relative importance of indirect effects is central to this understanding, and the ratio of indirect flow to direct flow (I/D) is one indicator of their importance. Two methods have been proposed for calculating this indicator. The unit approach shows what would happen if each system member had a unit input or output, while the realized technique determines the ratio using the observed system inputs or outputs. When using the unit method, the input oriented and output oriented ratios can be different, potentially leading to conflicting results. However, we show that the input and output oriented I/D ratios are identical using the realized method when the system is at steady state. This work is a step in the maturation of Ecological Network Analysis that will let it be more readily testable empirically and ultimately more useful for environmental assessment and management.

Suggested Citation

  • Borrett, S.R. & Freeze, M.A. & Salas, A.K., 2011. "Equivalence of the realized input and output oriented indirect effects metrics in Ecological Network Analysis," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(13), pages 2142-2148.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:222:y:2011:i:13:p:2142-2148
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Coskun, Huseyin, 2018. "Static Ecological System Analysis," OSF Preprints zqxc5, Center for Open Science.
    2. Coskun, Huseyin, 2018. "Static Ecological System Measures," OSF Preprints g4xzt, Center for Open Science.
    3. Ma, Q. & Kazanci, C., 2013. "Analysis of indirect effects within ecosystem models using pathway-based methodology," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 238-245.
    4. Yang, Jin & Chen, Bin, 2016. "Energy–water nexus of wind power generation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1-13.
    5. Whipple, Stuart J. & Patten, Bernard C. & Borrett, Stuart R., 2014. "Indirect effects and distributed control in ecosystems," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 293(C), pages 161-186.
    6. Coskun, Huseyin, 2018. "Dynamic Ecological System Measures," OSF Preprints j2pd3, Center for Open Science.

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