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Too hot or too cold to study? The effect of temperature on student time allocation

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  • Alberto, Ivan Carlo
  • Jiao, Yang
  • Zhang, Xiaohan

Abstract

This paper studies the causal effect of temperature on students’ time use for both college and high school students. Students substitute study time with leisure on days with extremely low and high temperatures. Extreme temperatures also have a noticeable heterogeneous effect on time allocation for both groups of students. College students respond to the unpleasant weather by substituting study time with weather-appropriate leisure. In comparison, high school students reduce both class and self-study time, which is more frequent during cold days. Lastly, students in cold and hot climates are observed to react more to the temperature to which they are not acclimatized. Our findings offer a different perspective by uncovering the black box behind the relationship between weather and test scores seen in recent literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto, Ivan Carlo & Jiao, Yang & Zhang, Xiaohan, 2021. "Too hot or too cold to study? The effect of temperature on student time allocation," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecoedu:v:84:y:2021:i:c:s0272775721000716
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102152
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joshua Graff Zivin & Matthew Neidell, 2014. "Temperature and the Allocation of Time: Implications for Climate Change," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 32(1), pages 1-26.
    2. R. Jisung Park & Joshua Goodman & Michael Hurwitz & Jonathan Smith, 2020. "Heat and Learning," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 306-339, May.
    3. Graff Zivin, Joshua & Song, Yingquan & Tang, Qu & Zhang, Peng, 2020. "Temperature and high-stakes cognitive performance: Evidence from the national college entrance examination in China," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    4. Marie Connolly, 2008. "Here Comes the Rain Again: Weather and the Intertemporal Substitution of Leisure," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(1), pages 73-100.
    5. Cai, Xiqian & Lu, Yi & Wang, Jin, 2018. "The impact of temperature on manufacturing worker productivity: Evidence from personnel data," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 889-905.
    6. Yang Jiao & Yixuan Li & Mengdi Liu, 2021. "Widening the Gap? Temperature and Time Allocation between Men and Women," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(5), pages 595-627, January.
    7. Crawford, David L. & Johnson, Amy W. & Summers, Anita A., 1997. "Schools and labor market outcomes," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 255-269, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wu, Wenjie & Zhe, Yang & Kim, Jun Hyung & Yue, Ai, 2023. "Effects of Early Childhood Climate on Cognitive Development and Home Environment," IZA Discussion Papers 16017, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Arceo-Gomez, Eva O. & López-Feldman, Alejandro, 2024. "Extreme temperatures and school performance of the poor: Evidence from Mexico," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    3. Monroy-Gómez-Franco, Luis A., 2024. "The Economy in its Labyrinth: A Structuralist View of the Mexican Economy in the 21st Century," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 77(2), pages 181-206.
    4. Eleonora Matteazzi & Martina Menon & Federico Perali, 2021. "Do Boys and Girls Perform Better at Math Just Studying More ?," CHILD Working Papers Series 96 JEL Classification: I2, Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic Economics (CHILD) - CCA.
    5. Villalobos, Laura & Gomez, Julian D. & Garcia, Jorge H., 2023. "Technology Attenuates the Impact of Heat on Learning. Evidence from Colombia," EfD Discussion Paper 23-6, Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Temperature; Allocation of time; Educational activities; Leisure;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics

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