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Poor hygiene and bullying victimization in Pakistan

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  • Murshid, Nadine Shaanta

Abstract

This study examined the association between hygiene and bullying victimization among a representative sample of 4997 students in Pakistan from the Global School Health Survey. Sample characteristics based on population estimates and adjusted and unadjusted prevalence ratios were computed using Poisson regressions. Results indicate that after accounting for demographic and confounding factors, students with good hygiene were less likely to experience bullying victimization when compared to students with poor hygiene. This is because, we theorize, poor hygiene elicits disgust for two reasons: the fear of infectious diseases and class differences. The study findings highlight that poor hygiene is not only directly related to poor health due to higher exposure to infectious diseases as demonstrated by extant research, but it is related to higher risk of experiencing bullying victimization, highlighting a link between two structurally produced social problems, poor hygiene and bullying, that are often seen as individual and interpersonal ones.

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  • Murshid, Nadine Shaanta, 2018. "Poor hygiene and bullying victimization in Pakistan," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 197-204.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:88:y:2018:i:c:p:197-204
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.016
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    1. Due, P. & Merlo, J. & Harel-Fisch, Y. & Damsgaard, M.T. & Holstein, B.E. & Hetland, J. & Currie, C. & Gabhainn, S.N. & De Matos, M.G. & Lynch, J., 2009. "Socioeconomic inequality in exposure to bullying during adolescence: A comparative, cross-sectional, multilevel study in 35 countries," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(5), pages 907-914.
    2. Murshid, Nadine Shaanta, 2017. "Bullying victimization and mental health outcomes of adolescents in Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 163-169.
    3. Tippett, N. & Wolke, D., 2014. "Socioeconomic status and bullying: A meta-analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(6), pages 48-59.
    4. Metzler, Marilyn & Merrick, Melissa T. & Klevens, Joanne & Ports, Katie A. & Ford, Derek C., 2017. "Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 141-149.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mishna, Faye & Sanders, Jane E. & McNeil, Sandra & Fearing, Gwendolyn & Kalenteridis, Katerina, 2020. "“If Somebody is Different”: A critical analysis of parent, teacher and student perspectives on bullying and cyberbullying," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    2. Murshid, Nadine Shaanta & Irish, Andrew, 2021. "Mapping the association between exposure to violence and mental health problems among a representative sample of youth in Bangladesh," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).

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