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Transitioning youth: Policies and outcomes

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  • Stott, Tonia

Abstract

The primary policies and outcome studies regarding youth transitioning from foster care and young adults who have aged out of foster care over the past quarter of a century are reviewed. Although several policies have increased services and funding for this population, overall, their outcomes have not significantly improved. In terms of educational achievement, employment, and well-being, many continue to fare poorly in young adulthood. Further policies and practice improvements may need to be implemented. The population of youth transitioning has far outpaced the funding available, state and program eligibility requirements may be eliminating the most vulnerable from services, in many states there is an inadequate provision of basic needs such as housing and healthcare, the expectations of self-sufficiency for this population now exceed societal norms, and the restrictions and placement instability associated with many older adolescents in care may be in contrast to their developmental needs. In order to more fully address the needs of youth transitioning from foster care, child welfare policies and practices may need to focus more attention on the relational and social development of youth while in foster care. Furthermore, during young adulthood, policies and practices may need to provide greater safety nets and resources to this population.

Suggested Citation

  • Stott, Tonia, 2013. "Transitioning youth: Policies and outcomes," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 218-227.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:35:y:2013:i:2:p:218-227
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.10.019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lee, JoAnn S. & Courtney, Mark E. & Tajima, Emiko, 2014. "Extended foster care support during the transition to adulthood: Effect on the risk of arrest," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 34-42.
    2. Lemus, Daisy & Farruggia, Susan P. & Germo, Gary & Chang, Esther S., 2017. "The plans, goals, and concerns of pre-emancipated youth in foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 48-55.
    3. Williams-Butler, Abigail & Duron, Jacquelynn F. & Costantino, Amanda & Schmidt, Adam, 2020. "Relational permanence and the potential for delinquency among African American adolescents in foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
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    5. Byrne, Thomas & Stephen, Metraux & Kim, Minseop & Culhane, Dennis P. & Moreno, Manuel & Toros, Halil & Stevens, Max, 2014. "Public assistance receipt among older youth exiting foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 307-316.
    6. Singer, Erin Rebecca & Berzin, Stephanie Cosner & Hokanson, Kim, 2013. "Voices of former foster youth: Supportive relationships in the transition to adulthood," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2110-2117.
    7. Paulsen, Veronika & Berg, Berit, 2016. "Social support and interdependency in transition to adulthood from child welfare services," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 125-131.
    8. Lawler, Michael J. & Sayfan, Liat & Goodman, Gail S. & Narr, Rachel & Cordon, Ingrid M., 2014. "Comprehensive residential education: A promising model for emerging adults in foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 10-19.
    9. Melero, Sandra & Sánchez-Sandoval, Yolanda, 2017. "Mental health and psychological adjustment in adults who were adopted during their childhood: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 188-196.
    10. Thompson, Heather M. & Wojciak, Armeda Stevenson & Cooley, Morgan E., 2018. "The experience with independent living services for youth in care and those formerly in care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 17-25.
    11. Refaeli, Tehila, 2017. "Narratives of care leavers: What promotes resilience in transitions to independent lives?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-9.
    12. Blakeslee, Jennifer E., 2015. "Measuring the support networks of transition-age foster youth: Preliminary validation of a social network assessment for research and practice," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 123-134.
    13. Fowler, Patrick J. & Marcal, Katherine E. & Zhang, Jinjin & Day, Orin & Landsverk, John, 2017. "Homelessness and aging out of foster care: A national comparison of child welfare-involved adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 27-33.
    14. Greeson, Johanna K.P. & Garcia, Antonio R. & Tan, Fei & Chacon, Alexi & Ortiz, Andrew J., 2020. "Interventions for youth aging out of foster care: A state of the science review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    15. Yang, Jennifer & McCuish, Evan C. & Corrado, Raymond R., 2017. "Foster care beyond placement: Offending outcomes in emerging adulthood," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 46-54.
    16. Shpiegel, Svetlana & Ocasio, Kerrie, 2015. "Functioning patterns among older adolescents in foster care: Results from a cluster analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 227-235.
    17. Cassarino-Perez, Luciana & Crous, Gemma & Goemans, Anouk & Montserrat, Carme & Sarriera, Jorge Castellà, 2018. "From care to education and employment: A meta-analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 407-416.
    18. van Breda, Adrian D. & Munro, Emily R. & Gilligan, Robbie & Anghel, Roxana & Harder, Annemiek & Incarnato, Mariana & Mann-Feder, Varda & Refaeli, Tehila & Stohler, Renate & Storø, Jan, 2020. "Extended care: Global dialogue on policy, practice and research," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    19. Miller, Elizabeth A. & Paschall, Katherine W. & Azar, Sandra T., 2017. "Latent classes of older foster youth: Prospective associations with outcomes and exits from the foster care system during the transition to adulthood," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 495-505.
    20. Doucet, Melanie M. & Greeson, Johanna K.P. & Eldeeb, Nehal, 2022. "Independent living programs and services for youth 'aging out' of care in Canada and the U.S.: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    21. Goyette, Martin & Blanchet, Alexandre & Esposito, Tonino & Delaye, Ashleigh, 2021. "The role of placement instability on employment and educational outcomes among adolescents leaving care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).

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