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A high-dimensional two-sample test for the mean using random subspaces

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  • Thulin, Måns

Abstract

A common problem in genetics is that of testing whether a set of highly dependent gene expressions differ between two populations, typically in a high-dimensional setting where the data dimension is larger than the sample size. Most high-dimensional tests for the equality of two mean vectors rely on naive diagonal or trace estimators of the covariance matrix, ignoring dependences between variables. A test using random subspaces is proposed, which offers higher power when the variables are dependent and is invariant under linear transformations of the marginal distributions. The p-values for the test are obtained using permutations. The test does not rely on assumptions about normality or the structure of the covariance matrix. It is shown by simulation that the new test has higher power than competing tests in realistic settings motivated by microarray gene expression data. Computational aspects of high-dimensional permutation tests are also discussed and an efficient R implementation of the proposed test is provided.

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  • Thulin, Måns, 2014. "A high-dimensional two-sample test for the mean using random subspaces," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 26-38.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:csdana:v:74:y:2014:i:c:p:26-38
    DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2013.12.003
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    Cited by:

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    2. Zhang, Huaiyu & Wang, Haiyan, 2021. "A more powerful test of equality of high-dimensional two-sample means," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Tzviel Frostig & Yoav Benjamini, 2022. "Testing the equality of multivariate means when $$p>n$$ p > n by combining the Hotelling and Simes tests," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 31(2), pages 390-415, June.
    4. Wang, Rui & Xu, Xingzhong, 2018. "On two-sample mean tests under spiked covariances," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 225-249.
    5. Mingxiang Cao & Yuanjing He, 2022. "A high-dimensional test on linear hypothesis of means under a low-dimensional factor model," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 85(5), pages 557-572, July.
    6. Qiu, Tao & Xu, Wangli & Zhu, Liping, 2021. "Two-sample test in high dimensions through random selection," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    7. Feng, Long & Sun, Fasheng, 2015. "A note on high-dimensional two-sample test," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 29-36.
    8. Yuanyuan Jiang & Xingzhong Xu, 2022. "A Two-Sample Test of High Dimensional Means Based on Posterior Bayes Factor," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-23, May.
    9. Zhao, Junguang & Xu, Xingzhong, 2016. "A generalized likelihood ratio test for normal mean when p is greater than n," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 91-104.
    10. Pini, Alessia & Stamm, Aymeric & Vantini, Simone, 2018. "Hotelling’s T2 in separable Hilbert spaces," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 284-305.
    11. Timothy I. Cannings & Richard J. Samworth, 2017. "Random-projection ensemble classification," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 79(4), pages 959-1035, September.
    12. Nicolas Städler & Sach Mukherjee, 2017. "Two-sample testing in high dimensions," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 79(1), pages 225-246, January.
    13. Zhang, Jie & Pan, Meng, 2016. "A high-dimension two-sample test for the mean using cluster subspaces," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 87-97.
    14. Harrar, Solomon W. & Kong, Xiaoli, 2022. "Recent developments in high-dimensional inference for multivariate data: Parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric approaches," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    15. Huang, Yuan & Li, Changcheng & Li, Runze & Yang, Songshan, 2022. "An overview of tests on high-dimensional means," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

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