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Critical evaluation of current heat transfer models used in CFD in-cylinder engine simulations and establishment of a comprehensive wall-function formulation

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  • Rakopoulos, C.D.
  • Kosmadakis, G.M.
  • Pariotis, E.G.

Abstract

The scope of the present study is to try to determine a comprehensive heat transfer formulation, which would be able to predict adequately the heat transfer mechanism on a wide range of different reciprocating engine configurations (spark-ignition and diesel engines) and operating conditions. To this aim, four of the most popular heat transfer formulations used in commercial and research CFD (computational fluid dynamics) codes are evaluated comparatively against available experimental data, using an in-house CFD model that has already been applied satisfactorily for the simulation of a spark-ignition and a diesel engine running under motoring conditions. The comparison reveals that most of the existing wall heat transfer formulations fail to predict adequately both the history and peak value of the heat flux. Nonetheless, the predicted trends of the heat flux during the entire closed part of the engine cycle are similar, with higher differences occurring during the expansion phase. To overcome this, the present authors proceeded to the development of a new wall heat transfer formulation based on the existing ones. This new formulation is used in the in-house CFD model for the simulation of the heat transfer through the cylinder walls for the same engines and operating conditions as those used for the comparative evaluation of the existing heat transfer models. Comparing the calculated heat flux using the five heat transfer models with the corresponding measured one, it is concluded that in most cases the new model predicts more accurately the heat transfer during the compression stroke for motored operation and at the same time the predicted peak heat flux is closer to the experimental one. Although a more fundamental formulation is used to describe the heat transfer process, the computational time required is not affected, which is a parameter crucial for multi-dimensional modeling.

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  • Rakopoulos, C.D. & Kosmadakis, G.M. & Pariotis, E.G., 2010. "Critical evaluation of current heat transfer models used in CFD in-cylinder engine simulations and establishment of a comprehensive wall-function formulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(5), pages 1612-1630, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:87:y:2010:i:5:p:1612-1630
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Ji, Changwei & Wang, Shuofeng & Zhang, Bo, 2012. "Performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine under various operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 584-589.
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    4. Chen, Yangyang & Liu, Aodong & Deng, Banglin & Xu, Zhenxin & Feng, Renhua & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Zhang, Guoqing & Zhou, Lili, 2019. "The influences of ignition modes on the performances for a motorcycle single cylinder gasoline engine at lean burn operation: Looking inside interaction between flame front and turbulence," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 528-541.
    5. Bissoli, M. & Frassoldati, A. & Cuoci, A. & Ranzi, E. & Mehl, M. & Faravelli, T., 2016. "A new predictive multi-zone model for HCCI engine combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 826-843.
    6. Maghbouli, Amin & Yang, Wenming & An, Hui & Li, Jing & Shafee, Sina, 2015. "Effects of injection strategies and fuel injector configuration on combustion and emission characteristics of a D.I. diesel engine fueled by bio-diesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 687-698.
    7. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & Lora, A. & Modesto-López, L. & Gañán-Calvo, A. & López-Serrano, J., 2019. "Experimental analysis of NOx reduction through water addition and comparison with exhaust gas recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 737-752.
    8. Rahmani, R. & Rahnejat, H. & Fitzsimons, B. & Dowson, D., 2017. "The effect of cylinder liner operating temperature on frictional loss and engine emissions in piston ring conjunction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 568-581.
    9. Prasad, B.V.V.S.U. & Sharma, C.S. & Anand, T.N.C. & Ravikrishna, R.V., 2011. "High swirl-inducing piston bowls in small diesel engines for emission reduction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2355-2367, July.
    10. Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Zhang, Hao & Fan, Qinhao & Lei, Nuo & Wang, Zhi, 2023. "Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol-gasoline blends in a high compression ratio SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    11. Komninos, N.P. & Rakopoulos, C.D., 2016. "Heat transfer in hcci phenomenological simulation models: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 179-209.
    12. Irimescu, Adrian, 2012. "Performance and fuel conversion efficiency of a spark ignition engine fueled with iso-butanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 477-483.
    13. Decan, Gilles & Broekaert, Stijn & Lucchini, Tommaso & D’Errico, Gianluca & Vierendeels, Jan & Verhelst, Sebastian, 2018. "Evaluation of wall heat flux calculation methods for CFD simulations of an internal combustion engine under both motored and HCCI operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 451-461.
    14. Duan, Jimiao & Gong, Jing & Yao, Haiyuan & Deng, Tao & Zhou, Jun, 2014. "Numerical modeling for stratified gas–liquid flow and heat transfer in pipeline," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 83-94.
    15. George M. Kosmadakis & Constantine D. Rakopoulos, 2019. "A Fast CFD-Based Methodology for Determining the Cyclic Variability and Its Effects on Performance and Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & López, A., 2019. "Analysis of the effect of the hydrogen as main fuel on the performance of a modified compression ignition engine with water injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 911-925.
    17. Rakopoulos, C.D. & Kosmadakis, G.M. & Dimaratos, A.M. & Pariotis, E.G., 2011. "Investigating the effect of crevice flow on internal combustion engines using a new simple crevice model implemented in a CFD code," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 111-126, January.
    18. Liu, Kaimin & Li, Yangtao & Yang, Jing & Deng, Banglin & Feng, Renhua & Huang, Yanjun, 2018. "Comprehensive study of key operating parameters on combustion characteristics of butanol-gasoline blends in a high speed SI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 13-32.
    19. Kan, Xiang & Zhou, Dezhi & Yang, Wenming & Zhai, Xiaoqiang & Wang, Chi-Hwa, 2018. "An investigation on utilization of biogas and syngas produced from biomass waste in premixed spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 210-222.
    20. Mohamed Ismail, Harun & Ng, Hoon Kiat & Gan, Suyin, 2012. "Evaluation of non-premixed combustion and fuel spray models for in-cylinder diesel engine simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 271-279.
    21. Komninos, N.P. & Kosmadakis, G.M., 2011. "Heat transfer in HCCI multi-zone modeling: Validation of a new wall heat flux correlation under motoring conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1635-1648, May.
    22. Feng, Hongqing & Liu, Daojian & Yang, Xiaoxi & An, Ming & Zhang, Weiwen & Zhang, Xiaodong, 2016. "Availability analysis of using iso-octane/n-butanol blends in spark-ignition engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 281-294.
    23. Pang, Kar Mun & Ng, Hoon Kiat & Gan, Suyin, 2012. "In-cylinder diesel spray combustion simulations using parallel computation: A performance benchmarking study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 466-478.
    24. Ng, Hoon Kiat & Gan, Suyin & Ng, Jo-Han & Pang, Kar Mun, 2013. "Simulation of biodiesel combustion in a light-duty diesel engine using integrated compact biodiesel–diesel reaction mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1275-1287.

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