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Integration of solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine for maritime applications

Author

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  • Sapra, Harsh
  • Stam, Jelle
  • Reurings, Jeroen
  • van Biert, Lindert
  • van Sluijs, Wim
  • de Vos, Peter
  • Visser, Klaas
  • Vellayani, Aravind Purushothaman
  • Hopman, Hans

Abstract

The current literature on solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine (SOFC-ICE) integration is focused on the application of advanced combustion technologies operating as bottoming cycles to generate a small load share. This integration approach can pose challenges for ships such as restricted dynamic capabilities and large space and weight requirements. Furthermore, the potential of SOFC-ICE integration for marine power generation has not been explored. Consequently, the current work proposes a novel approach of SOFC-ICE integration for maritime applications, which allows for high-efficiency power generation while the SOFC anode-off gas (AOG) is blended with natural gas (NG) and combusted in a marine spark-ignited (SI) engine for combined power generation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential of the proposed SOFC-ICE integration approach with respect to system efficiency, emissions, load sharing, space and weight considerations and load response. In this work, a verified zero-dimensional (0-D) SOFC model, engine experiments and a validated AOG-NG mean value engine model is used. The study found that the SOFC-ICE integration, with a 67–33 power split at 750 kWe power output, yielded the highest efficiency improvement of 8.3% over a conventional marine natural gas engine. Simulation results showed that promising improvements in efficiency of 5.2%, UHC and NOx reductions of about 30% and CO2 reductions of about 12% can be achieved from a 33–67 SOFC-ICE power split with comparatively much smaller increments in size and weight of 1.7 times. Furthermore, the study concluded that in the proposed SOFC-ICE system for maritime applications, a power split that favours the ICE would significantly improve the dynamic capabilities of the combined system and that the possible sudden and large load changes can be met by the ICE.

Suggested Citation

  • Sapra, Harsh & Stam, Jelle & Reurings, Jeroen & van Biert, Lindert & van Sluijs, Wim & de Vos, Peter & Visser, Klaas & Vellayani, Aravind Purushothaman & Hopman, Hans, 2021. "Integration of solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine for maritime applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:281:y:2021:i:c:s0306261920313295
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Cho, Mingyu & Kim, Yongtae & Ho Song, Han, 2022. "Solid oxide fuel cell–internal combustion engine hybrid system utilizing an internal combustion engine for anode off-gas recirculation, external reforming, and additional power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    3. Petronilla Fragiacomo & Francesco Piraino & Matteo Genovese & Orlando Corigliano & Giuseppe De Lorenzo, 2023. "Experimental Activities on a Hydrogen-Powered Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System and Guidelines for Its Implementation in Aviation and Maritime Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Barone, G. & Buonomano, A. & Forzano, C. & Palombo, A., 2021. "Implementing the dynamic simulation approach for the design and optimization of ships energy systems: Methodology and applicability to modern cruise ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    5. Zheng Li & Guogang Yang & Qiuwan Shen & Shian Li & Hao Wang & Jiadong Liao & Ziheng Jiang & Guoling Zhang, 2022. "Transient Multi-Physics Modeling and Performance Degradation Evaluation of Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Focusing on Carbon Deposition Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Dehghan, Ali Reza & Fanaei, Mohammad Ali & Panahi, Mehdi, 2022. "Economic plantwide control of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell - gas turbine system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    7. Mendiburu, Andrés Z. & Lauermann, Carlos H. & Hayashi, Thamy C. & Mariños, Diego J. & Rodrigues da Costa, Roberto Berlini & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Roberts, Justo J. & de Carvalho, João A., 2022. "Ethanol as a renewable biofuel: Combustion characteristics and application in engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    8. Perčić, Maja & Vladimir, Nikola & Jovanović, Ivana & Koričan, Marija, 2022. "Application of fuel cells with zero-carbon fuels in short-sea shipping," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    9. Park, Chybyung & Jeong, Byongug & Zhou, Peilin, 2022. "Lifecycle energy solution of the electric propulsion ship with Live-Life cycle assessment for clean maritime economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).

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