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Oil from plastic via hydrothermal liquefaction: Production and characterization

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  • Seshasayee, Mahadevan Subramanya
  • Savage, Phillip E.

Abstract

We determined the effect of batch holding time (0.5 h, 1 h) and temperature (350–450 °C) on the yield, composition, and quality of oil formed from the hydrothermal treatment of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The highest oil yields for each material ranged from just 16 wt% for PET to 86 wt% for polystyrene. The depolymerization of plastics to produce oil occurs fastest in the supercritical water regime (T > 400 °C). The higher heating value (HHV) of the oil from PP and PS (44–45 MJ/kg) is comparable to that of gasoline (HHV ~ 43.4 MJ/kg). The oil from PC and PET had lower heating values but further treatment to remove oxygen atoms would increase the energy density. Increasing the hydrothermal reaction severity (longer times, higher supercritical temperatures) reduces oil yields but increases heating values. Increasing temperature causes more aromatization in the oil from PP and PS and promotes dehydration reactions during hydrothermal treatment of PET and PC. The oil from PC contained bisphenol-A as a major product. Obtaining such monomers from hydrothermal treatment would provide a revenue stream in addition to oil and thereby improve the process economics.

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  • Seshasayee, Mahadevan Subramanya & Savage, Phillip E., 2020. "Oil from plastic via hydrothermal liquefaction: Production and characterization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:278:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920311703
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115673
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    1. Lund, Henrik & Skov, Iva Ridjan & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Sorknæs, Peter & Korberg, Andrei David & Chang, Miguel & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Kany, Mikkel Strunge, 2022. "The role of sustainable bioenergy in a fully decarbonised society," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 195-203.
    2. Jeong, Yong-Seong & Park, Ki-Bum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2022. "Kinetics and characteristics of activator-assisted pyrolysis of municipal waste plastic and chlorine removal using hot filter filled with absorbents," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    3. Gluth, A. & Xu, Z. & Fifield, L.S. & Yang, B., 2022. "Advancing biological processing for valorization of plastic wastes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    4. Yin Ting Chu & Jianzhao Zhou & Yuan Wang & Yue Liu & Jingzheng Ren, 2023. "Current State, Development and Future Directions of Medical Waste Valorization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-28, January.
    5. Silvan Feuerbach & Saqib Sohail Toor & Paula A. Costa & Filipe Paradela & Paula A.A.S. Marques & Daniele Castello, 2024. "Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Food and Plastic Waste for Biocrude Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-17, April.
    6. Yu, Jie & Lin, Xiaoyu & Huang, Jingchen & Ye, Wangfang & Lan, Qian & Du, Shaorong & Liu, Zilin & Wu, Yijing & Zhao, Zeyuan & Xu, Xin & Yang, Guifang & Changotra, Rahil & Hu, Yulin & Wu, Yulong & Yan, , 2023. "Recent advances in the production processes of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude and aid-in investigation techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    7. Venturelli, Matteo & Falletta, Ermelinda & Pirola, Carlo & Ferrari, Federico & Milani, Massimo & Montorsi, Luca, 2022. "Experimental evaluation of the pyrolysis of plastic residues and waste tires," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    8. Sogand Musivand & Maria Paola Bracciale & Martina Damizia & Paolo De Filippis & Benedetta de Caprariis, 2023. "Viable Recycling of Polystyrene via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-13, June.
    9. Ankit Mathanker & Snehlata Das & Deepak Pudasainee & Monir Khan & Amit Kumar & Rajender Gupta, 2021. "A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Biofuels Production with a Special Focus on the Effect of Process Parameters, Co-Solvents, and Extraction Solvents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-60, August.

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