IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v259y2020ics0306261919319270.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Two-stage pyrolysis of polystyrene: Pyrolysis oil as a source of fuels or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes

Author

Listed:
  • Park, Ki-Bum
  • Jeong, Yong-Seong
  • Guzelciftci, Begum
  • Kim, Joo-Sik

Abstract

The recycling rate of plastic waste needs to be improved worldwide. In that context, pyrolysis, through which petrochemical feedstock and alternative fuel can be obtained, has received significant attention. In this study, pyrolysis of polystyrene was conducted in a continuous two-stage process that has an auger reactor and a fluidized bed reactor connected in series. The main objective was to produce oils rich in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes instead of typical polystyrene pyrolysis oils, which contain high amounts of styrene monomers with low thermal-oxidative stability. The effects of different reaction temperatures (in both reactors) and the type of fluidizing medium on the product distribution and composition were investigated. The maximum yield of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (26.3 wt%) was obtained at a temperature of 780 °C in the fluidized bed reactor. The oil and styrene yields at 780 °C were 86 and 26 wt%, respectively. To evaluate the fuel properties of the pyrolysis oil, its calorific value, API gravity, viscosity, density, ash content, pour point, flash point, and pH were examined. The results indicate that the pyrolysis oil can be both a good source of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes and can potentially be used as a substitute source to gasoline or diesel fuels when it is mixed with oils with a low aromatic content.

Suggested Citation

  • Park, Ki-Bum & Jeong, Yong-Seong & Guzelciftci, Begum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2020. "Two-stage pyrolysis of polystyrene: Pyrolysis oil as a source of fuels or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:259:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919319270
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114240
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919319270
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114240?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, A. & de Marco, I. & Caballero, B.M. & Adrados, A. & Laresgoiti, M.F., 2012. "Empiric model for the prediction of packaging waste pyrolysis yields," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 524-532.
    2. Park, Ki-Bum & Jeong, Yong-Seong & Guzelciftci, Begum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2019. "Characteristics of a new type continuous two-stage pyrolysis of waste polyethylene," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 343-351.
    3. Park, Ki-Bum & Jeong, Yong-Seong & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2019. "Activator-assisted pyrolysis of polypropylene," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Sophonrat, Nanta & Sandström, Linda & Zaini, Ilman Nuran & Yang, Weihong, 2018. "Stepwise pyrolysis of mixed plastics and paper for separation of oxygenated and hydrocarbon condensates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 314-325.
    5. Zhang, Yayun & Duan, Dengle & Lei, Hanwu & Villota, Elmar & Ruan, Roger, 2019. "Jet fuel production from waste plastics via catalytic pyrolysis with activated carbons," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Lopez, Gartzen & Artetxe, Maite & Amutio, Maider & Bilbao, Javier & Olazar, Martin, 2017. "Thermochemical routes for the valorization of waste polyolefinic plastics to produce fuels and chemicals. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 346-368.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jeong, Yong-Seong & Kim, Jong-Woo & Seo, Myung-Won & Mun, Tae-Young & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2021. "Characteristics of two-stage air gasification of polystyrene with active carbon as a tar removal agent," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    2. Yao, Dingding & Wang, Chi-Hwa, 2020. "Pyrolysis and in-line catalytic decomposition of polypropylene to carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen over Fe- and Ni-based catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Fiyinfoluwa Joan Medaiyese & Hamid Reza Nasriani & Leila Khajenoori & Khalid Khan & Ali Badiei, 2024. "From Waste to Energy: Enhancing Fuel and Hydrogen Production through Pyrolysis and In-Line Reforming of Plastic Wastes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-31, June.
    4. Paul Palmay & Cesar Puente & Carla Haro & Joan Carles Bruno & Alberto Coronas, 2023. "Bio Oil as Cutter Stock in Fuel Oil Blends for Industrial Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-11, February.
    5. Mirkarimi, S.M.R. & Bensaid, S. & Chiaramonti, D., 2022. "Conversion of mixed waste plastic into fuel for diesel engines through pyrolysis process: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    6. Sogand Musivand & Maria Paola Bracciale & Martina Damizia & Paolo De Filippis & Benedetta de Caprariis, 2023. "Viable Recycling of Polystyrene via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-13, June.
    7. Li, Jie & Yu, Di & Pan, Lanjia & Xu, Xinhai & Wang, Xiaonan & Wang, Yin, 2023. "Recent advances in plastic waste pyrolysis for liquid fuel production: Critical factors and machine learning applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    8. Suriapparao, Dadi V. & Hemanth Kumar, Tanneru & Reddy, B. Rajasekhar & Yerrayya, Attada & Srinivas, B. Abhinaya & Sivakumar, Pandian & Prakash, S. Reddy & Sankar Rao, Chinta & Sridevi, Veluru & Desing, 2022. "Role of ZSM5 catalyst and char susceptor on the synthesis of chemicals and hydrocarbons from microwave-assisted in-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of algae and plastic wastes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 990-999.
    9. Li, Dan & Lei, Shijun & Wang, Ping & Zhong, Lei & Ma, Wenchao & Chen, Guanyi, 2021. "Study on the pyrolysis behaviors of mixed waste plastics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 662-674.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Park, Ki-Bum & Jeong, Yong-Seong & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2019. "Activator-assisted pyrolysis of polypropylene," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Jeong, Yong-Seong & Park, Ki-Bum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2022. "Kinetics and characteristics of activator-assisted pyrolysis of municipal waste plastic and chlorine removal using hot filter filled with absorbents," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    3. Huang, Jijiang & Veksha, Andrei & Chan, Wei Ping & Giannis, Apostolos & Lisak, Grzegorz, 2022. "Chemical recycling of plastic waste for sustainable material management: A prospective review on catalysts and processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    4. Zhang, Yayun & Duan, Dengle & Lei, Hanwu & Villota, Elmar & Ruan, Roger, 2019. "Jet fuel production from waste plastics via catalytic pyrolysis with activated carbons," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Park, Ki-Bum & Choi, Min-Jun & Chae, Da-Yeong & Jung, Jaeheum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2022. "Separate two-step and continuous two-stage pyrolysis of a waste plastic mixture to produce a chlorine-depleted oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    6. Huo, Erguang & Duan, Dengle & Lei, Hanwu & Liu, Chao & Zhang, Yayun & Wu, Jie & Zhao, Yunfeng & Huang, Zhiyang & Qian, Moriko & Zhang, Qingfa & Lin, Xiaona & Wang, Chenxi & Mateo, Wendy & Villota, Elm, 2020. "Phenols production form Douglas fir catalytic pyrolysis with MgO and biomass-derived activated carbon catalysts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    7. Li, Jinhu & Ye, Xinhao & Burra, Kiran G. & Lu, Wei & Wang, Zhiwei & Liu, Xuan & Gupta, Ashwani K., 2023. "Synergistic effects during co-pyrolysis and co-gasification of polypropylene and polystyrene," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    8. Guzelciftci, Begum & Park, Ki-Bum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2020. "Production of phenol-rich bio-oil via a two-stage pyrolysis of wood," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    9. Zhao, Xiang & You, Fengqi, 2021. "Waste respirator processing system for public health protection and climate change mitigation under COVID-19 pandemic: Novel process design and energy, environmental, and techno-economic perspectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    10. Li, Jie & Yu, Di & Pan, Lanjia & Xu, Xinhai & Wang, Xiaonan & Wang, Yin, 2023. "Recent advances in plastic waste pyrolysis for liquid fuel production: Critical factors and machine learning applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    11. Duan, Dengle & Feng, Zhiqiang & Dong, Xiaoyong & Chen, Xiaoru & Zhang, Yayun & Wan, Kun & Wang, Yunpu & Wang, Qin & Xiao, Gengsheng & Liu, Huifan & Ruan, Roger, 2021. "Improving bio-oil quality from low-density polyethylene pyrolysis: Effects of varying activation and pyrolysis parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    12. Hannah Jones & Florence Saffar & Vasileios Koutsos & Dipa Ray, 2021. "Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-43, November.
    13. Li, Jinhu & Burra, Kiran Raj G. & Wang, Zhiwei & Liu, Xuan & Gupta, Ashwani K., 2021. "Co-gasification of high-density polyethylene and pretreated pine wood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    14. Duan, Dengle & Zhang, Yayun & Wang, Yunpu & Lei, Hanwu & Wang, Qin & Ruan, Roger, 2020. "Production of renewable jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of soapstock over corn cob-derived activated carbons," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    15. Chhabra, Vibhuti & Bambery, Keith & Bhattacharya, Sankar & Shastri, Yogendra, 2020. "Thermal and in situ infrared analysis to characterise the slow pyrolysis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) and its components," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 388-401.
    16. Zaini, Ilman Nuran & Gomez-Rueda, Yamid & García López, Cristina & Ratnasari, Devy Kartika & Helsen, Lieve & Pretz, Thomas & Jönsson, Pär Göran & Yang, Weihong, 2020. "Production of H2-rich syngas from excavated landfill waste through steam co-gasification with biochar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    17. Lin, Xiaona & Kong, Lingshuai & Ren, Xiajin & Zhang, Donghong & Cai, Hongzhen & Lei, Hanwu, 2021. "Catalytic co-pyrolysis of torrefied poplar wood and high-density polyethylene over hierarchical HZSM-5 for mono-aromatics production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 87-95.
    18. Yang, Haiping & Chen, Zhiqun & Chen, Wei & Chen, Yingquan & Wang, Xianhua & Chen, Hanping, 2020. "Role of porous structure and active O-containing groups of activated biochar catalyst during biomass catalytic pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    19. Fan, Liangliang & Liu, Lei & Xiao, Zhiguo & Su, Zheyang & Huang, Pei & Peng, Hongyu & Lv, Sen & Jiang, Haiwei & Ruan, Roger & Chen, Paul & Zhou, Wenguang, 2021. "Comparative study of continuous-stirred and batch microwave pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene in the presence/absence of HZSM-5," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    20. Anna Matuszewska & Adam Hańderek & Maciej Paczuski & Krzysztof Biernat, 2021. "Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:259:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919319270. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.