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Nonlinear methods for evaluating and online predicting the lifetime of fuel cells

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  • Pei, Pucheng
  • Chen, Dongfang
  • Wu, Ziyao
  • Ren, Peng

Abstract

Lifetime evaluation and prediction is a key topic for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which can contribute to prolong the durability and accelerate the commercialization of fuel cells. In this paper, a linear formula to evaluate the maximum service lifetime of fuel cells for vehicle applications and several nonlinear formulas to predict the lifetime of fuel cells are presented. The terminal voltage of fuel cells at the rated condition is defined as the average cell voltage decreasing by ca. 10% from the start rated voltage at the rated condition. A nonlinear formula based on the variation of the hydrogen crossover is derived, which reveals that the variation of the hydrogen crossover is the main factor for the nonlinear lifetime degradation of fuel cells. The nonlinear formula based on the time response of first-order control systems (FOCS) for the overall process is proposed, and the segment point between linear and nonlinear degradation is also defined by this formula. Then a more accurate segmented formula with linear lifetime formula and nonlinear lifetime formula based on the time response of FOCSs for the local process is derived. Finally, the segmented formula is verified by experiment results of the single cell and fuel cell stacks and practical operating results of fuel cell vehicles. Moreover, methods for lifetime evaluation in the laboratory and online prediction in the vehicle are proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pei, Pucheng & Chen, Dongfang & Wu, Ziyao & Ren, Peng, 2019. "Nonlinear methods for evaluating and online predicting the lifetime of fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:254:y:2019:i:c:s0306261919314175
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113730
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Chen, Dongfang & Wu, Wenlong & Chang, Kuanyu & Li, Yuehua & Pei, Pucheng & Xu, Xiaoming, 2023. "Performance degradation prediction method of PEM fuel cells using bidirectional long short-term memory neural network based on Bayesian optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
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    4. Pei, Pucheng & Meng, Yining & Chen, Dongfang & Ren, Peng & Wang, Mingkai & Wang, Xizhong, 2023. "Lifetime prediction method of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on current degradation law," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    5. Song, Ke & Huang, Xing & Huang, Pengyu & Sun, Hui & Chen, Yuhui & Huang, Dongya, 2024. "Data-driven health state estimation and remaining useful life prediction of fuel cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    6. Lu Zhang & Yongfeng Liu & Guijun Bi & Xintong Liu & Long Wang & Yuan Wan & Hua Sun, 2022. "Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Anode Inlet Relative Humidity Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, June.
    7. Dan Wang & Haitao Min & Honghui Zhao & Weiyi Sun & Bin Zeng & Qun Ma, 2024. "A Data-Driven Prediction Method for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Zhang, Xuexia & Huang, Lei & Jiang, Yu & Lin, Long & Liao, Hongbo & Liu, Wentao, 2024. "Investigation of nonlinear accelerated degradation mechanism in fuel cell stack under dynamic driving cycles from polarization processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    9. Chen, Hong & Zhan, Zhigang & Jiang, Panxing & Sun, Yahao & Liao, Liwen & Wan, Xiongbiao & Du, Qing & Chen, Xiaosong & Song, Hao & Zhu, Ruijie & Shu, Zhanhong & Li, Shang & Pan, Mu, 2022. "Whole life cycle performance degradation test and RUL prediction research of fuel cell MEA," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    10. Pu, Yuchen & Li, Qi & Zou, Xueli & Li, Ruirui & Li, Luoyi & Chen, Weirong & Liu, Hong, 2021. "Optimal sizing for an integrated energy system considering degradation and seasonal hydrogen storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    11. Ke Song & Yimin Wang & Xiao Hu & Jing Cao, 2020. "Online Prediction of Vehicular Fuel Cell Residual Lifetime Based on Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-21, November.
    12. Liu, Hao & Chen, Jian & Hissel, Daniel & Lu, Jianguo & Hou, Ming & Shao, Zhigang, 2020. "Prognostics methods and degradation indexes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    13. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Meng, Yining & Ren, Peng & Li, Yuehua & Wang, Mingkai & Wang, Xizhong, 2022. "Novel extraction method of working condition spectrum for the lifetime prediction and energy management strategy evaluation of automotive fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    14. Feng, Yanbiao & Dong, Zuomin, 2020. "Integrated design and control optimization of fuel cell hybrid mining truck with minimized lifecycle cost," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    15. Chen, Kui & Badji, Abderrezak & Laghrouche, Salah & Djerdir, Abdesslem, 2022. "Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells degradation prediction using multi-kernel relevance vector regression and whale optimization algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    16. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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