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Direct use of seawater for rapid methane storage via clathrate (sII) hydrates

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  • Kumar, Asheesh
  • Veluswamy, Hari Prakash
  • Kumar, Rajnish
  • Linga, Praveen

Abstract

Storing natural gas in the form of clathrate hydrates (termed as Solidified Natural Gas, SNG) is highly advantageous as it is non-explosive, environmentally benign and offers compact mode of natural gas storage with high volumetric storage capacity. In this work, we demonstrate rapid methane storage in saline water (1.1 mol% NaCl solution) and seawater via clathrate hydrates aided by 5.56 mol% THF in a simple unstirred tank reactor. We report extremely fast hydrate formation kinetics with methane uptake of 89.2 (±2.4) v/v in 13.8 (±2.4) minutes with saline water and 86.3 (±4.3) v/v in 15.1 (±0.8) minutes with natural seawater (t90). This uptake corresponds to an yield of 77.6 (±2.2)% for saline water and 75.0 (±3.4)% for natural seawater system respectively for the stated hydrate growth time. Further, molecular insights of the mixed hydrate formation in presence of NaCl is derived through high-pressure calorimetry, in-situ Raman, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the stability of the hydrate pellet formed employing direct seawater in presence of THF for two weeks. The direct use of natural seawater makes the SNG technology highly attractive to store/transport methane for large-scale storage needs and for low capacity natural gas production facilities like biogas manufacturing plants.

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  • Kumar, Asheesh & Veluswamy, Hari Prakash & Kumar, Rajnish & Linga, Praveen, 2019. "Direct use of seawater for rapid methane storage via clathrate (sII) hydrates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 21-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:235:y:2019:i:c:p:21-30
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.085
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    1. Huen Lee & Jong-won Lee & Do Youn Kim & Jeasung Park & Yu-Taek Seo & Huang Zeng & Igor L. Moudrakovski & Christopher I. Ratcliffe & John A. Ripmeester, 2005. "Tuning clathrate hydrates for hydrogen storage," Nature, Nature, vol. 434(7034), pages 743-746, April.
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    1. Bhattacharjee, Gaurav & Prakash Veluswamy, Hari & Kumar, Rajnish & Linga, Praveen, 2020. "Rapid methane storage via sII hydrates at ambient temperature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Zhang, Ye & Bhattacharjee, Gaurav & Dharshini Vijayakumar, Mohana & Linga, Praveen, 2022. "Rapid and energy-dense methane hydrate formation at near ambient temperature using 1,3-dioxolane as a dual-function promoter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    3. Qureshi, M Fahed & Khandelwal, Himanshu & Usadi, Adam & Barckholtz, Timothy A. & Mhadeshwar, Ashish B. & Linga, Praveen, 2022. "CO2 hydrate stability in oceanic sediments under brine conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    4. Fang, Bin & Lü, Tao & Li, Wei & Moultos, Othonas A. & Vlugt, Thijs J.H. & Ning, Fulong, 2024. "Microscopic insights into poly- and mono-crystalline methane hydrate dissociation in Na-montmorillonite pores at static and dynamic fluid conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    5. Xiao, Peng & Dong, Bao-Can & Li, Jia & Zhang, Hong-Liang & Chen, Guang-Jin & Sun, Chang-Yu & Huang, Xing, 2022. "An approach to highly efficient filtration of methane hydrate slurry for the continuous hydrate production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    6. Bhattacharjee, Gaurav & Veluswamy, Hari Prakash & Kumar, Rajnish & Linga, Praveen, 2020. "Seawater based mixed methane-THF hydrate formation at ambient temperature conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    7. Paul, Lagnajita & Lee, Ju Dong & Linga, Praveen & Kumar, Rajnish, 2024. "Exploring thermodynamic viable conditions for separation of highly energy intensive H2O and D2O mixtures through gas hydrate based process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    8. Cui, Gan & Dong, Zengrui & Wang, Shun & Xing, Xiao & Shan, Tianxiang & Li, Zili, 2020. "Effect of the water on the flame characteristics of methane hydrate combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    9. Sa, Jeong-Hoon & Sum, Amadeu K., 2019. "Promoting gas hydrate formation with ice-nucleating additives for hydrate-based applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Veluswamy, Hari Prakash & Kumar, Asheesh & Kumar, Rajnish & Linga, Praveen, 2019. "Investigation of the kinetics of mixed methane hydrate formation kinetics in saline and seawater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Kim, Hyunho & Zheng, Junjie & Yin, Zhenyuan & Kumar, Sreekala & Tee, Jackson & Seo, Yutaek & Linga, Praveen, 2022. "An electrical resistivity-based method for measuring semi-clathrate hydrate formation kinetics: Application for cold storage and transport," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).

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